在翻译时，我们不能只求得原文与译文之间在语法与语义上的最大描述等 值，而更为重要的是争取其在语用意义上的功能等值。翻译者先要认识原文 的语用含义，透彻理解作者的语用意义。在这基础上再进入用译语表达意义 这一层次。
• the descriptive use 描述性运用 --refers to the use of language whereby speakers say what they know or think. • the interpretive use 解释性运用 --refers to the use of language whereby speakers communicate what others say or think.
In communication, people may use the same expression for different purposes.
Someone says：Can I help you? 1.需要买点什么？ （A shop assistant to a customer） 2.你找谁呀？ （A host to a stranger who knocks at the door of his house） 3.我能帮你忙吗？ 4.我能为你做点什么？
1. Can I have some water?
2. Have you got anything to drink?
3. Shall we have some drink? 4. Don’t you think we’d better have some drink now? 5. Do you mind having some drink? 6. I can do with a cup of tea. 7. I’m really thirsty. 8. I wonder if you have something to quench my thirst.
Company name
Unit 14 Pragmatics and Translation
Group 5
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目录
CONTENTS
14.1 Translation as communication
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目录
CONTENTS
14.1 Translation as communication
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14.2 Translatinng pragmatics meanings
（Translation and Relevance: Cognition and Context）。
格特在此书中率先将关联理论应用于翻译研究中， 并指出翻译是一种言语交际行为，是与大脑机制密切 联系的推理过程。它不仅涉及语码，更重要的是根据 动态的语境进行动态的推理，而推理所依据的就是关 联性。作为交际的翻译，在对源语理解和翻译的过程 中，人们对语码的选择所依赖的也是关联性。
Intercultural act of transference
在翻译过程中，对译文话语正确地理解及准确地表达， 必须关注语用含义的这方面价值，即语用含义不是揭示了人 们说了什么，而是告诉人们说这句话意味着什么。 (1) A: I really disliked the man you introduced me to. B: Actually, he is your new boss.
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目录
CONTENTS 14.3 Layers of pragmaticequivalence
14.1 Translation as communication
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1
14.2 Translatinng pragmatics meanings
2
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目录
CONTENTS 14.3 Layers of pragmaticequivalence
B意味着A应该尽量好自为之 故译为：“尽管如此，他是你的新上司。”
意义与翻译密切相关，而意义中的语用学上的意义更为突出。 （意义包括语法、语义学上的意义和语用学上的意义）
In communication, people may use different expressions for the same purpose.
Basic Concepts to the Relevance Theory
※ The Principle of Relevance
(The cognitive principle & The communicative principle)
※ Descriptive and Interpretive Use ※The Inferential Nature of Communication ※ Context and Cognitive Environment
14.1 Translation as communication
• As an interpretive use of language, translation aims to achieve: interpretive resemblance解读相似性 between the original and the translation . • Such interrpretive resemblance consists ideally in the sharing of explicatures (explicit meaning)and implicatures(implicit meaning). • The more explicatures and implicatures the two versions share, the more closely they resemble each other.
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Translation as communication
Translation as communication
Interlingual act of transference
Interlingual communication
Translation
Intercultural communication
a. Kate: Tom is sick today. b. Jim: KNaturally, translation falls under the interpretive category of language use in that the translators need to restate in the target language what someone else has said or written in the source language .
Pre-Class Reading
Since the emergence of pragmatics, there have been various
attempts at applying its theories to the research of its disciplines.
Among various application studies, the pragmatics of translation has attracted the most attention.
Relevance Theory (Unit 11&Unit12) 关联理论
• Relevance theory is a new cognitive and communicative approach of pragmatics, which is developed by linguists Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson in their co-authored book Relevance: Communication and Cognition in 1986.
B意味着A应该重新考虑他的话 故译为：“说实在的，他是你的新上司。”
(2) A: I really disliked the man you introduced me to. B: Anyway, he is your new boss.
B意味着A厌恶无关要紧 故译为：“不管怎么样，他是你的新上司。”
•
关联理论（Relevance Theory）最早是由 Dan Sperber（斯波伯）和Deirdre Wilson（威尔逊） 在《关联性：交际与认知》一书中提出来的，他们的 学生Ernst-August Gutt（格特）根据关联理论对翻译 进行了研究，并在五年后出版了《翻译与关联：认知 与语境》
(3) A: I really disliked the man you introduced me to. B: After all, he is your new boss.
B意味着A之所以讨厌那人真的是因为那人是新上司 故译为：“他毕竟是你的新上司。”
(4) A: I really disliked the man you introduced me to. B: Still, he is your new boss.
14.1 Translation as communication
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14.2 Translatinng pragmatics meanings
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14.4 Strategies of pragmatic translation
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Leo Hickey 利奥· 希基(英): A Research Professor at the University of Salford. His research focuses on studies of stylistics, pragmatics, and translation studies with particular reference to legal translation. He is the author of several books and over a hundred articles on Spanish literature and language, including The Pragmatics of Translation 1998:4