Chapter 1 增词译法和减词译法1.1 增词译法（amplification/adding words）▪英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，翻译时既可能将词类转换，有时候也可能将词量增减。

▪增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表达原文思想内容。

这当然不是无中生有地随意乱加，而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词。

1.1.1▪ e.g. I’m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an intervie w.▪ e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ―ordinary Chinese‖ with paper flags and flowers.1.1.2▪ e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages!▪ e.g. What a day/life!1.1.3▪ e.g. How the little girl looked after her old mother!▪ e.g. As he began talking, words poured out.1.1.41.1.4.1▪ e.g. Be sure to wash before meal.▪ e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking.1.1.4.2▪ e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine.1.1.4.31.1.4.4 e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.1.1.4.5▪ e.g. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.▪ e.g. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.1.1.51.1.5.1▪ e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities.▪ e.g. Rows of new houses have been set up.1.1.5.2▪ e.g. The lion is the king of animals.▪ e.g. The mountains were covered with snow.▪ e.g. The crowd made a way for him.1.1.6▪ e.g. I bought a new bike yesterday.▪ e.g. A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.▪ e.g. Once they quarreled bitterly.▪ e.g. I had a look at the photo and recognized her at once.1.1.71.1.7.1▪ e.g. I had heard about him before I met him.▪ e.g. Once I was his boss, but now he is mine.1.1.7.2▪ e.g. They say his father was a fisherman. He used to be as poor as we are.1.1.8▪ e.g. Don’t take it so serious. I just make fun of you.▪ e.g. As for me, I have nothing to say.1.1.91.1.9.1问答句▪ e.g. — Is this your book?▪— Yes, it is.▪ e.g. —what? Don’t you love him?▪— Yes, of course I do.1.1.9.2排比句▪ e.g. ―Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man…‖1.1.9.3比较句▪ e.g. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.1.1.9.4隐含条件句▪ e.g. At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, people thought that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster.1.1.10▪ e.g. In April, there was the ―ping‖ heard around the world. In July, the ping ―ponged‖.1.1.11▪ e.g. The foreign ministers of China, Russia, Japan and the U.S. met in Tokyo.1.1.12▪ e.g. You have made a mistake, and a serious one.▪ e.g. 其实世界上本没有路，走的人多了，也便成了路。

.1.1.13▪ e.g. 学习外国的经验，必须必须有分析、有批判地学，不能盲目地学。

.▪ e.g. 他走进屋里，大衣上尽是雪，鼻子冻得通红。

1.1.14▪ e.g. 他在那个大学里任数学教师。

▪ e.g. 他抓住了小偷的衣服。

1.1.15▪ e.g. 公共场所禁止吸烟。

▪ e.g. 我们应逐步消除城乡差别。

1.2 减词译法（ommision/ Cutting words）1.2.1 From the Grammatical Aspect1.2.1.1▪ e.g. But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.▪ e.g. You can never tell.▪ e.g. Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.▪ e.g. Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.▪ e.g. For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, itspath and its garden.▪ e.g. The train came. He pinched his little sister lovingly, and put his great arms about his mother’s neck and then was away.▪ e.g. The climate in Switzerland is absolutely different from that in Somalia.▪ e.g. Outside it was raining cats and dogs as she shut the door.▪▪ e.g. It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told.1.2.1.2▪ e.g. He considered the National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much.▪ e.g. Your parents or your wife or your son or your best friends might be expecting you back home safe and sound.▪ e.g. We knew that summer was coming, as we could see a swallow.▪ e.g. Because the departure was no t easy, we’d better make it brief.▪ e.g. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?▪ e.g. When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully.▪ e.g. At long last, on June 6, 1944, after the European war was basically decided and Hitler licked, the allies launched their long-delayed western front.1.2.1.3▪ e.g. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.▪ e.g. The moon was slowly rising above the sea.▪ e.g. When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.▪但在下列情况中冠词不能省略：▪不定冠词―a(n)‖ 强调数目―一‖或―每一‖、―同一‖时，试举例：▪定冠词―the‖ 强调―这‖、―那‖时，试举例：1.2.1.3▪ e.g. The difference between the two machines consists in power.▪ e.g. The battle began at 11:00 p.m.▪ e.g. An ancient castle stood on the edge of the cliff.1.2.1.4▪ e.g. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low.▪ e.g. Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do.1.2.21.2.2.1▪ e.g. Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me.1.2.2.2▪ e.g. His younger sister is an actress.▪ e.g. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.Chapter 11. After the banquets, the concerts, and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.2. 这款床工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观，款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方便。