• 举例来说，在早先的法国洞穴绘画里，早于 公元前10，000年的绘画中没有人与人打仗 的画面。 • For example, among ancient French cave drawings earlier than 10，000 B.C., there were no pictures describing people fighting with each other.
• Because of the slow movements, tai chi chuan, also known as shadow boxing, is frequently associated (linked) exclusively with senior citizens (old/aged/elderly people).
• 补偿(Compensation) 由于慢动作的招式，太极拳常被认为是仅与老人相关 的运动。 • Because of the slow movements, tai chi chuan, is frequently associated (linked) exclusively with senior citizens (old/aged/elderly people).
• 5. 这个小男孩饭前都洗手，然后用餐巾纸擦干。 • This little boy always washes hands before meals and then dries with napkins. • This little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins. • （增物主代词和宾语） • 6. 老虎和猫同科。 • Tiger and cat belong to the same family of animals. • The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of animals • （增冠词）
年时，使国民经济更加发展，各项制度更加完善；到世纪 中叶建国一百年时，基本实现现代化，建成富强民主文明 的社会主义国家。)
• Looking into the next century, we have set the goal of the realization of the socialist modernization. • Looking into the next century, we have set our goals as follows: … • Looking into the next century, we have set the following goals: … • 假如“目标是”之后的文字没有124字那么长， 只有二、三十字，那么或许可改用不太显著的 these与较为简单的冒号、破折号来引导： • Looking into the next century, we have set these goals: … • Looking into the next century, we have set these goals-- …
汉英翻译技巧
(第一讲）
————增词与减词
增词 (amplification)
• 1.三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。
Three cobblers equal Zhuge Liang. Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang. • Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. （增加背景知识）
• 国际经济联系日益密切，科学技术突飞猛进， 对世界政治、经济和社会的发展产生重要影 响。 • International economic links have become tighter and tighter, and science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds, both of which are exerting a major influence on world political, economic and social development.
• 苏轼: Su Shi (formerly translated as Su Shih, 10371101),alias Su Dongpo, writer and calligrapher of the Song Dynasty. • 牛郎织女 the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver---two figures in ancient Chinese fairy tale (Later it also refers to husband and wife who live far apart.) • 开绿灯 turn on the green light (provide conveniences for certain affairs, so that they could proceed smoothly) • 八股文 Eighth-part essay prescribed for the imperial civil service examinations-- known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas
• 3. 要提倡顾全大局。 • We should advocate taking the whole situation into consideration. • We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.
• 添加总结词
• 在英语中，若需引导一大段文字，最好添加一些引导性的
词语，增强上下文的衔接性，同时也使读者有一个阅读大 段文字的心理准备。 • 展望下世纪，我们的目标是，(第一个十年实现国民生产总 值翻一番，使人民的小康生活更加宽裕，形成比较完善的
社会主义市场经济体制；再经过十年的努力，到建党一百
• 2. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 • Modesty helps one to go forward, conceit makes one lag behind. • Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. • （增连词）
（增回概括性词）
• 4. 结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。 • Giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. • The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. • （增回概括性词）
• 知道这个答案是有用的……如果你想到英语 国家去念大学，或者你想找一份需要英语技 能的工作的话，通过语言考试那就至关重要 了。 • It’s useful to know the answer… it is vital if you want to be enrolled in a college or university in an English-speaking country, or if you want to find a job which requires English language skills.
• 增加英语代词it作主语
• 在英语中，代词it作主语的情况非常多。因为 这个代词表示的意义非常丰富，它可以表示汉 语中的气候、天气、时间等无主句，如“下雨 了（It is raining），三点了（It’s 3 o’clock now）等，当然，它还可以充当强调句和形式 主语句型的主语。如： • 自从理查德· 尼克松（Richard Nixon）同癌症 宣战以来已经有30年了。 • It is already three decades since Richard Nixon declared warபைடு நூலகம்on cancer.
• 汉语句子在泛指的时候，显然可以增加上英语表 示泛指的主语。如： • 充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济 增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。 • We should take advantage of non public-owned economy, including individual, privately owned etc., to fulfill it's significant effect on accelerating economic improvement, enlarging employment, and flourishing the market.
• 填充词的使用
• 为了使译文更加流畅自如，句内关系更加清晰，有时 需添加一些在语义上似乎不甚重要的词，这些词可称 为填充词(fill–in words)。译文里加一些虚词（即副词、 连接词等），读起来更加流畅，提高了译文的质量， 可以更好地传达原文的内容和口气。 • 例1．港口设施的业主或经营者应当按照港口设计规 范，提供安全靠岸、离岸、移动泊位的条件。 • The proprietor or operator of port facilities shall provide safe means for mooring, departing and changing to another berth, all in accordance with the designed specifications of the port.