第三十章 标点符号
1.句号的用法
3.分号的用法 5. 问号的用法
7.破折号的用法 9.连字号的用法 11.删节号的用法
2. 逗号的用法 4.冒号的用法 6.引号的用法 8.感叹号的用法 10.撇号的用法 12.括号的用法
13.斜线的用法
1.句号的用法
（1）用于陈述句或语气不太强烈的祈使句末尾。 例如： A friend in need is a friend in deed. 〈谚〉患难朋友才是真朋友。 Let’s go to the movies. 咱们去看电影吧。 Do e-mail me to let me know how things are going. 一定要发电子邮件告诉我事情的进展情况。
Trains are too slow; hence he has decided to go by plane. 火车太慢，所以他决定坐飞机。 I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired.我不想去，而且我 太累了。 The film brought him fame; moreover, it brought him money. 这部影片使他出了名，也使他发了财。 （3）分隔已有逗号的并列成分，以避免歧义。例如： On the committee are quite a few well known people, for example, Professor Zhang, an expert in economics; Dr. Wang, President of the Medical
The ceremony over, we went back home.仪式结束之后， 我们就回家了。 Such being the case, the conference was put off for three days. 鉴于这样的情况，会议推迟了三天。 9）用于分隔作独立成分、评注性状语或连接性状语等的词 语。例如： We were, believe it or not, in love with each other. 信不信由你，我们当时在相爱。 My father, however, was determined to continue.不过,我 父亲决心继续下去。
Although it was raining, we went to the park. 虽然下雨，我们还是去了公园。 If you’re ever in London, come and look me up. 一旦你到伦敦，可得来看我。 In spite of their good intentions, most parents do not really understand their children. 许多家长虽然好心，但他们并不真正了解自己的孩子。 （4）用于分隔非限制性定语从句、同位语或附加 说明的词语。 That summer, she went to Wuhan, where her husband worked. 那年夏天她去了武汉，她丈夫在那儿工作。
Charles, are we going climbing this weekend? 查尔斯，我们周末去爬山吗？ Dear Dr. Smith(英国),/Dear. Dr Smith (美国)： 亲爱的史密斯博士： Yours sincerely(英国)，/Sincerely yours (美国)， 你忠实的， （12）用于yes, no, oh, excuse me, sorry和 well等之后 。例如： Yes, times have changed.是呀,时代变了。 Well, perhaps you are right.嗯,可能你是对的。
Will you please return this book as soon as possible. 请尽快归还此书。 May I hear from you at your earliest convenience. 请在方便时尽早回信。
2.逗号的用法
（1）用于分隔句子中并列的平行成分。 例如： Information resources must be correct, timely, concise, and comprehensive. 信息资源必须准确、及时、精炼、全面。 She read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 她看了各种各样的书，古今中外的都有。 “I have seen neither the camel, nor the cargo,
“Only a fool,” he said, “would continue like that.” 他说道：“只有傻瓜才会那样干下去。” （7）用于分隔分词短语和句子的主要部分。例如： George, seeing his brother was hurt,ran to help him. 乔治看到弟弟受伤了，就过去帮他。 Bored with his work, he thought of going home early.他 干烦了，想早点回家。 （8）用于分隔作状语的独立结构。例如： She suddenly appeared at the door, a bunch of flowers in her hand. 她突然出现在门口，手中拿着一束花。
（2）用于某些缩略词之后。例如：
Dr.(Doctor)医生，博士 Prof.(Professor)教授
M.A.(Master of Arts)文科硕士 Dec.(December)十二月 【注】当代英语中，有些缩略词后的圆点常可省略， 具体按习惯而定。 （3）用于不期待对方回答，表面形式是疑问句的句子 （这种句子实质上表示请求、规劝等意义，并非提出疑问）。 例如：
University; and Mr. Li, Editor in Chief of the local evening paper. 该委员会中有许多知名人士，如经济学专家张教授，医科大 学校长王博士，以及当地晚报总编李先生。Three persons were mentioned in her will: John, her brother; Martin, her nephew; and Helen, her faithful friend. 她在遗言中提到三个人：弟弟约翰，侄儿马丁，还有她最忠 实的朋友海伦。 We have more knowledge, but less sense; more medicine, but less wellness. 我们知识多了，领悟力却差了；医疗发达了，健康却差了。
（10）用于日期或地址等。例如： The conference is scheduled for Friday, September 1,2006. 会议定于2006年9月1日周五举行。 My address is 122 Ninghai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. 我的地址是中国江苏南京宁海路122号。 The quotation is from Chapter 2,pag出自第2卷第2章第46页第8行。 （11）用于分隔呼语或用于信件和电子邮件的称呼语（美国 用法中多用冒号）或末尾客套语之后。例如：
3.分号的用法
1）用于并列分句之间，替代并列连词and, but, or等。例 如： Some people work best in the mornings; others do better in the evenings. 有些人早上工作效率高，另外一些人晚上工作效率较高 。 John is a doctor; Linda is a nurse.约翰是医生，琳达是 护士。 （2）常与连接性副词连用，以表明相连的两句之间的语 义关系。例如：
我们必须马上动身，否则就赶不上飞机了。 I don’t want to stay here this summer, nor will I go to any noisy city. 今年暑假我不想呆在这里，也不想去任何一个喧闹的城市。 如果相连的两个句子结构比较简单，可以不用逗号. John was busy cooking but Mary was playing the piano. 约翰在忙着做饭，玛丽在弹钢琴。 The work is pleasant and the hours are short. 工作不错，工时又短。 （3）状语从句或作状语的短语位于句首时，一般用逗号将其 与句子的其余部分隔开。例如：
nor the jewels, ”insisted the Arab. 那个阿拉伯人坚持说：“我既没见过那头骆驼， 又没见过那些货物，也没见过那些珠宝。” The professor entered the classroom, opened his notebook, and began his lecture. 教授走进教室，打开手提电脑，开始讲课。 （2）分隔并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的独立分句。 The bell ran on and on, and Tom was still reluctant to get out of bed. 铃声响了又响，汤姆还是不想起床。 We must leave now, or we will miss the plane.
（2）用于说明或解释上文。例如：
My mother taught us one important rule in life: always be honest. 母亲教给我们一条重要的生活原则：永远要诚实。 Tom’s work is unsatisfactory: his answers are thoughtless, his spelling is careless and his writing is bad. 汤姆的作业不能令人满意：答案马虎、拼写粗心、书写潦 草。 （3）在正式文体中可用在引述语之后。例如： He protested: “It’s not my fault that no one stays!” 他抗议道：“人全都走了，这不是我的错啊。” In his speech he said :“All men are created equal.”