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实用英语语法教程-第十二章 介词


3.4 表示目的的介词
常用的此类介词有: for , to , for the purpose of , for the sake of , on/in behalf of , in honour of,in memory of,with a view to等。 例如: He made a beautiful doll for his daughter. 他为 女儿做了个漂亮的布娃娃。 for the sake of safety 为了安全起见 with a view to fostering team spirit 为了培养团 队精神 work to a common end 为了共同的目标而工作
3.6 表示“除外”、“附加”的介词
常用的此类介词有:except,except for,with the exception of,excepting,other than,save, saving,besides,beyond,but,apart from, aside from,in addition to等。例如: All of the students went to the party except Julia. 除了朱莉娅外,所有学生都参加了聚会。 None but children have believed the story. 只有小孩子才相信这个故事。 Apart from her prettiness,she was honest and kind. 她除了人长得很美,还很诚实,心地善良。
They had failed in what they set out to do.【名词性从句】 他们没能做到原来要做的事。 The matter is going from bad to worse.【形容词】 这件事情变得越来越糟。 She lives far from here. 【副词】 她住的地方离这儿很远。 I rarely talk with him except on business occasions.【介词 短语】 除了办公事以外,我很少和他交谈。 He is particularly interested in what to do next.【疑问词+ 不定式】 他对下一步该做什么特别感兴趣。
3.2 表示地点的介词
常用的此类介词有:above,across,along, amid(st),among,at,behind,before, beneath,beside,between,beyond,by, down,from,in,inside,on,opposite,outside, over,past,through,to,toward(s),under, up,in front of,on top of,up to等。例如: Our university is at 122 Ninghai Road. 我们大学在 宁海路122号。 help the blind man across the street 帮助盲人过街 The sun sunk below the horizon. 太阳落到地平线以 下了。
(2)充当定语。介词短语作定语通常为后置定语。 例如: He is a man of wealth.他是个富有的人。 The building at the end of the street is a hotel. 在这条街道尽头的那座大楼是一家旅店。 The government of the people,by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth. 民有、民治、民享政府永远不会从地球上消失。
3.7 表示让步的介词
常用的此类介词有:despite,in spite of, notwithstanding,regardless of,for (all), with (all),after (all)等。例如: In spite of some difficulties,this project proceeded smoothly. 虽然有一些困难,但这项计划进展顺利。 With all his achievements,he remains modest and prudent. 他虽然有很多成就,但仍然谦虚谨慎。 After all the efforts,he lost the competition. 他虽然努力了,但仍然在竞争中失败了。
3.3 表示原因、理由、动机的介词
常用的此类介词有: at , for , from , of , because of,by reason of,as a result of,by/in virtue of, due to,on account of,owing to,over,out of, thanks to,with等。例如: We all marveled at the extent of your knowledge. 我们都对您知识的渊博感到惊异。 for lack of sleep 由于睡眠不足 out of curiosity 出 于好奇 die of hunger 饿死 die from overwork 劳累而死 be wild with joy 欣喜若狂 quarrel over sth. 由于某 事争吵
第十二章介词
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 介词的分类 介词短语的构成及其句法功能 若干介词的意义和用法 介词与其他词类的搭配 介词的省略 介词的其他问题
1 介词的分类
英语介词就其形式而言,一般可以分为四类: (1)简单介词:指由一个单词构成的介词。例 如:about,above,after,along,among, as,at,before,behind,below,beside (2)复合介词:指由两个介词组成的介词。例 如:inside,into,onto,out of,outside, throughout,upon,within,without
(3)充当表语。例如: This question is under discussion. 这个问题正在讨论 中。 He was out of breath when he reached the station. 他到达车站时已是上气不接下气了。 (4)充当宾语(或主语)的补足语。例如: We found him in great trouble.【宾补】 我们发现他的麻烦很大。 He was often seen at his office at midnight. 【主补】 人们常常看见深夜他还在办公。
3.5 表示方式、方法的介词
常用的此类介词有:as,according to,by,in, like,by means of,on,through,over, with,without,via等。例如: talk with sb. in French 用法语和某人交谈 hear the news on/over the radio 通过收音机收听 新闻。 Never judge by appearance. 〈谚〉不要以外貌取 人。 A life without books is like a life without sunlight. 生活中若没有书籍就如同没有阳光。
2.2 介词短语的句法功能
介词短语在句子中可作状语、定语、表语、宾语 (或主语)补足语等成分。
(1)充当状语。介词短语作状语最为多见。例如: In accordance with the rule,they have to pay an additional tax. 按规定,他们得交纳一笔附加税。 In terms of money,he is quite rich,but not in terms of happiness. 就钱而言,他很富有,但是说到幸福就不是这样了。 Unlike most actors,Harris is a rather shy man. 与大部分演员不同,哈里斯是个相当害羞的人。
(3)短语介词:指由短语构成的介词。例如: according to,ahead of,apart from,as for,as to,because of,by means of,but for,due to, except for,for the sake of (4)双重介词:指由两个介词搭配而成的介词,但没 有 复 合 介 词 那 样 固 定 。 例 如 : from under , from above , from behind , until after , except in , from among 【 注 】 有 些 语 法 书 把 concerning ( 关 于 ) , considering ( 考 虑 到 ) , including ( 包 括 ) , excluding( 不 包 括 ) , regarding ( 关 于 ) , saving (除……外),touching(关于),given(考虑到), granted(假设)等归为分词介词介词
常用的此类介词有:about,after,at,before,between, by,during,over,for,from,in,on,through, throughout,till/until,since等。例如: at dawn拂晓at the age of twenty20岁时 at the end of the year在年底during the summer vacation暑假期间 He studies through the night to pass the exam.他为了 考试而通宵学习。 Throughout the meeting,she remained silent. 整个会 议上,她一言不发。 Over a period of ten years he stole a million pounds from the company. 他在10年间从公司盗走了100万英镑。
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