English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)20111229I. Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. A. He read a lot of books on management.B. He made every step safe enough.C. He prepared himself well beforehand.D. He had knowledge for the next phase.2. A. news reporter B. American dreamC. lucky boyD. poor child3. A. generals B. committees C. armies D. schools4. A. reading different books B. attending seminarsC. listening to audiotapesD. learning on one’s own5. A. face-to-face contact B. eyeball-to-eyeball contactC. person-to-person contactD. call-to-call contactQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking.B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in the USA.C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking.D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country.7. A. age, income and educationB. age, sex and incomeC. occupation, income and sexD. occupation, income and education8. A. City people are less likely to smoke.B. People in rural areas are more likely to smoke.C. Men with higher incomes tend to smoke.D. Well –educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke.9. A. The situation is quite the same for women as for men.B. Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily.C. There are more women smokers with low incomes.D. Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke.10. A. The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers.B. The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men.C. High school students are more likely to smoke than college students.D. Farmers? children tend to smoke more.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11. A. crying one’s goods in the street B. signs with picturesC. wall paintingsD. wall signs12. A. signs with pictures B. tools over doorsC. wall paintingsD. symbols13. A. Because they are most recently developed.B. Because they can be understood by those who can neither read nor write.C. Because they are cheap and fast.D. Because they can be heard everywhere in a country.14. A. Only some large companies can afford radio commercials.B. Outdoor advertisements make up a small proportion of modern advertising.C. Ads printed in newspapers are one of the most popular forms of advertising.D. The ads called car trucks are almost part of our life.15. A. modern advertising B. development of advertisingC. origin of advertisingD. significance of advertisingQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16. A. An educational institution that is open to anyone who wants to receive highereducation.B. An educational institution that conducts courses by means of television,radio and correspondence courses.C. An educational institution that is free of charge to all the students.D. An educational institution that conducts its courses through open discussions.17. A. They laughed at it. B. They doubted whether it would work.C. They supported it.D. They rejected it.18. A. Because of its serious financial problems.B. Because of the lack of support from the government and the public.C. Because of the lack of qualified teachers.D. Because of the limited number of courses it could conduct.19. A. Seminars and lectures open to less advanced students are held from timeto time.B. Short-term training courses are organized in different cities across the country.C. Over a dozen study centers have been set up all over the country.D. Special revision programs are broadcast on radio and TV.20. A. The Open University is the best form of higher education.B. When it was first on the air only a few people thought the Open University would succeed.C. British people prefer the Open University to other universities.D. The Open University is very good for those who want to strike a balance between further, education, career and family.II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers’ unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early year teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into default and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably ________ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making their way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officers, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen27. Margate is sure that the scientific and technological ________ that has been developed is real and extremely valuable.A. synergyB. formationC. energyD. match28. They suggest therefore that greater emphasis be given to housing ________ in evaluating relative deprivation.A. terminationB. removalC. provisionD. tenure29. Are you sure that my staying here won’t be an/a ________ into your domestic affairs?A. intentionB. troubleC. threatD. intrusion30. She remained there until last night when an ambulance took her to ________ witha family in nearby Newton.A. discoverB. revitalizeC. recuperateD. reformulate31. Sunlight streamed into the church and through the stained glass windows, anda smell of grass and flowers ________ the air.A. flowedB. permeatedC. penetratedD. indulged32. Loss of license contact is a real ________ to potential traders in smuggled cigarettes.A. deterrentB. detailC. detainD. determine33. As these problems multiply and ________ resources, the range of options available to the organization increasingly narrows.A. depleteB. decreaseC. lessenD. formulate34. For years, frequent flooding eventually ________ all traces of the community that used to live there.A. killedB. releasedC. obliteratedD. measured35. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds ________ for Social Security.A. remarkedB. earmarkedC. reboundD. reduced36. Members of extreme right wing parties are completely opposed to the ________ of blacks intowhite South African society.A. combinationB. formulationC. integrationD. segregation37. Nevertheless, to conceive of parents as utterly static in the child’s psychological life is likely to become the ________ of the picture grossly.A. distortionB. reflectionC. representationD. confusion38. Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendations to help the ________ of debt problems afflicting cattle producers.A. involvementB. releaseC. alleviationD. reflection39. The Piscataway school district in New Jersey had to dismiss one high school business teacher both by the government and local authorities.A. inflationB. provisionC. concentrationD. constraints40. By setting up such a system yourself, you are potentially ________ any security systems your company has in place.A. providingB. alleviatingC. promotingD. circumventing41. The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitely the bilateral trade in other areas.A. widenB. thwartC. recoverD. complete42. Friction between the generations is ________ when younger staff grasp the new idea and their creativity is suddenly released.A. widenedB. exacerbatedC. recoveredD. competitive43. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is somehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai” doesn’t have a negative _______ in Chinese.A. positionB. intentionC. extensionD. connotation44. Henry Kissinger was also ________ and frustrated by the Communists during his secret negotiations with them.A. fooledB. overjoyedC. confrontedD. confounded45. Because of their past crimes, everything they do now will be subject to ________.A. utilityB. qualityC. scrutinyD. honestyIII. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question. Passage 1The heart is made up almost entirely of muscle. It is a large, tough organ, about the size of a clenched fist. It is positioned on the centre line of the body, about halfway down the chest, just beneath the breastbone. It is tilted so that the lower end points toward the left.The heart is basically a pump, which forces blood through a network of tubes, or blood vessels, throughout the whole body. Each of the billions of living cells that make up the body needs oxygen and food in order to live, and these are supplied by the blood. The circulation of the blood consists of two parts. First the blood is pumped from the heart, around the body, and is returned to the heart. At thisstage oxygen has been used up, and waste materials like carbon dioxide (CO2) have entered the bloodstream. But, instead of being pumped back around the body, the blood is now pumped to the lungs, where oxygen is replaced and CO2, removed. Then the blood is pumped back to the heart and around the body to begin the cycle again.A heart that works well can operate for sixty to a hundred years or more. The heart is made up of four distinct chambers. The entire four-chamber pump is surrounded by a protective layer called the pericardium, which contains a lubricating liquid. The four chambers of the heart consist of two upper chambers and two lower chambers. The upper chambers are thin walled and they receive blood returning to the heart from the large veins of the body. These chambers are called the left atrium and the right atrium. The lower chambers of the heart are called the left and right ventricles (心室). They are much larger and very much more muscular than the atria. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body. The left and right sides of the heart are divided by a tough wall called the septum. This thick wall separates the blood which is to be pumped to the lungs from the blood which will go to the rest of the body. Blood is kept moving in the proper direction by a series of valves. These are leathery flaps which are forced open by the pressure of blood and then shut to stop it draining back.It is very important that “fresh” or oxygenated blood is kept separate from “stale” or deoxygenated blood that has already been passed around the body. Blood returning to the heart from the body, laden with CO2, and containing little oxygen, first enters the right atrium（心房）, at the top of the heart. The atrium contracts gently, squeezing the blood through a one-way valve into the right ventricle(心室), immediately below. The right ventricle contracts powerfully, pumping the blood along arteries to the lungs, where oxygen is replenished and CO2 is removed. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium, and is in turn pumped through another valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the most powerful part of the heart’s pump mechanism, and when it contracts, it forces blood all around the body.To summarize, the blood circulation passes from the heart to lungs, and back to the heart. Then it travels around the body, and back to the heart once more. Occasionally, a baby is born with a small hole in the septum dividing the right and left sides of the heart, allowing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix. Surgery is needed to correct this “hole in the heart”.As we age, body organs begin to wear out. Sometimes an organ wears out very rapidly, while the rest of the body is still relatively healthy. When this happens, a replacement, or transplant operation is sometimes possible. Transplants are never easy, as the body usually tends to attack or reject any strange material put into it.Heart valves sometimes become damaged by valve heart diseases which are unfortunately quite common and before the advent of open heart surgery they were very difficult to treat. Heart valves may even be defective in a newborn baby. This prevents proper blood circulation, and usually can be corrected by replacing thedamaged valve with a plastic or metal substitute which will be accepted by the body without causing reaction in the tissue of the heart. The valve replacements are necessary to impose a greater control over blood flow from one chamber to another and from the heart into the arterial system. Early valve replacements are of mechanical variety. One kind of early artificial heart valve is a simple “ball in a cage” or tilting disc device which will open and close as the heart beats so as to allow blood to flow under near normal rheological (流变) conditions.Sometimes the heart muscle is too badly diseased to pump properly, and in rare cases, a heart transplant may be considered. This involves replacing all or part of the heart with one taken from another person, the donor. Donor hearts can only be taken from accident victims when their brain has permanently stopped working, and they are legally “dead”.The transplant operation itself is not technically difficult, but later there are often complications when the new heart may be rejected. Lifelong drugs are needed to prevent this rejection.Usually the right atrium of the “old” heart is attached to the new heart. This retains the timing mechanism for the heartbeat, and means that the nervous system can still control the new heart, speeding it up during exercise to increase blood flow.46.Which of the following has not been talked about in the above article:A. The blood circulatory system.B. The composition of blood.C. Heart valve replacement.D. The function of the heart.47. In the article, the author uses_________ as an analogy to explain the function of human heart.A. muscleB. fistC. pumpD. organ48. Where does the carbon dioxide (CO2) we breathe out come from?A. The blood pumped out of the left atrium.B. The blood pumped into the left ventricle.C. The blood pumped out of the right ventricle.D. The blood pumped into the right atrium.49. We can infer from the article that____________A. After the invention of mechanical valves, biovalves must have been tried.B. Valve heart diseases are rare and can’t be treated.C. The heart valve replacements are difficult to find.D. There still exist many technical problems with the heart valve transplant operation.50. Tilting disc device is classified as____________A. a mechanical device.B. a false heart valve.C. an out-of-date device.D. a biovalve replacement.51. Which of the following is wrong according to the article?A. The heart is equipped with a series of one-way valves to keep blood flowing in the proper direction.B. Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium, while deoxygenated blood returns from being pumped around the body to the right atrium.C. When atria contract, they open their valves and force blood into the ventricles.D. As the ventricles begin to contract, the atrial valves open again.52. What is the function of septum?A. Prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.B. Protect the whole heart.C. Lubricate the pumping chambers.D. Separate atria from ventricles.53. Where is the timing mechanism for the heartbeat in the body?A. In the brain.B. In the wall of the right atrium.C. On the pericardium.D. Between the lung and the right ventricle.54. If a patient has to replace his heart valve, what’s the problem needed to be most concerned with?A. Whether the surgery is technically up to the standard.B. To find a donor who is willing to donate his heart.C. To prevent the happening of complications.D. The donor may be not legally dead.55. Which of the following words is the synonym of ?replace??A. replenishB. substituteC. circulateD. positionPassage 2As if Chinese leaders did not have enough of a headache trying to manage the country's rising but still undervalued currency in the testy world of international trade, now the growing popularity of virtual money enters the already complex equation.The so-called "QQ" coin - issued by Tencent, China's largest instant-messaging service provider - has become so popular that the country's central bank is worried that it could affect the value of RMB Yuan. Li Chao, spokesman and director of the General Office of the People's Bank of China (PBOC), has expressed his concern in the Chinese media and announced that the central bank will draft regulations next year governing virtual transactions.Public prosecutor Yang Tao issued this warning: "The QQ coin is challenging the status of the RMB [Yuan] as the only legitimate currency in China." In an article published recently in the Nanfang Daily, the prosecutor wrote that the centralgovernment would act to "limit the application of QQ coins" and assure that their use is restricted to the virtual world.Tencent argues that Yang and the PBOC are overreacting, and some Internet analysts agree. Nevertheless, there is no question that the virtual-currency trend is catching on in China, and the end game is unclear.Tencent boasts more than 220 million users, and its QQ coins can be purchased with a bank, telephone or "QQ" card at an official price of 1 Yuan (12.5 cents) per coin. Originally, the virtual coins were designed to pay for Tencent services such as electronic greeting cards, online games and anti-virus software. Now, however, they have reportedly developed into an alternative currency traded on the black market and used for other, less savory services, such as online gambling and private chats with "QQ girls".Xinhua, China's official news agency, reports cases of people earning thousands of Yuan per month trading in QQ coins, which they can win by playing online QQ games that pay out one coin for every 10,000 points earned. Xinhua also reports that the operators of some Internet forums are now paid in QQ coins rather than the official currency. And there is evidence that other onlinesites not associated with Tencent also accept QQ coins.In addition, unofficial online vendors have sprung up to take advantage of QQ fever. They accumulate large numbers of coins by hiring professional game players to win them and also through gambling plays, inside connections at entertainment companies and even by hacking into user accounts and simply stealing them. Then they sell the virtual currency below its official value, at a rate of 0.4-0.8 Yuan per coin.Tencent introduced the coins in 2002 as tokens to pay solely for its online services and disavows any connection with this illicit trade"We do not have a mechanism to transfer unused QQ coins back to RMB Yuan," the company said in a statement, "and we do not support transactions made with QQ coins via dubious means." While there is no reason to doubt the Tencent statement, it is also true that the booming business in third-party sales of QQ coins clearly benefits the company. As there is an official premium on the number of available coins, a certain number of them are regularly removed from circulation, ensuring that new coins are always in demand from Tencent.Tencent's service operates much like MSN Messenger, except that it is part of a virtual economy whose currency is the QQ coin. Its users tend to be high-school or university students who spend an increasing amount of their time in cyberspace. And they are not just playing games and listening to their favorite music; many are also living alternative lives that can lead to the purchase of anything from virtual clothes to virtual pets to virtual automobiles.A small purchase - say, a pair of virtual Nike sneakers - may not cost much, but a whole wardrobe can add up. And don't forget the decorations for your chat avatar (a digital representation of a user in virtual reality) - that, too, will cost you.QQ coins also allow Tencent users to flout China's tough anti-gambling laws - which, despite more than 50 years on the books, have largely failed to curb theChinese desire to place a bet. The company's game platform offers mahjong and a variety of card games with betting options, and Tencent takes a 10% cut from all bets.In the end, it's hard to know whether Tencent will have to face the regulator's questioning on the moral or the economic question or both. But it's never a good sign when the central bank lines you up in its sights.The PBOC has vowed to keep a sharp eye on the QQ phenomenon lest the coins enter general circulation, influencing the already internationally sensitive value of RMB Yuan. At present, sales in virtual money are estimated to add up to billions of Yuan annually and to be increasing 15-20% each year.Some US lawmakers - including Nancy Pelosi, soon to become Speaker of the House of Representatives for the 110th Congress - have accused Beijing of currency manipulation to keep the Yuan at an artificially low rate against the US dollar and other currencies. They threaten trade sanctions unless China acts to allow the Yuan’s value to appreciate more rapidly.The Yuan has appreciated by 3.56% since it was revalued by 2.1% in July last year, and the currency reached a post-revaluation high of 7.8313 to the dollar last week. But US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, who is to visit Beijing this month, is pushing for a much faster rate of appreciation.So far, virtual currency has had no perceptible impact on the Yuan. But the central bank is worried about a future in which the popularity of virtual money grows to the point where it jumps from virtual to real goods.But this possible scenario has drawn skepticism from many analysts - primarily because true convertibility between the Yuan and the QQ coin would expose Tencent to enormous financialrisks. It's unlikely the internet company will want to embrace the role of the Virtual Bank of China.In the end, it's more likely to be the morality police than the financial regulators who come knocking at Tencent's door.56. Which of the following is China’s largest instant-messaging service-provider?A) Xinhua B) Tencent C) PBOC C) MSN Messenger57. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) Till now virtual currency has had no noticeable impact on Yuan.B) Tencent introduced the coins in 2002 as tokens to pay solely for its online services.C) Tencent recognized its connection with the illicit trade.D) Tencent takes a 10% cut from all bets on the company’s game platform.58. How will the central government act to limit the application of QQ coins?A) The central bank will draft regulations next year governing virtual transactions.B) The central bank will prohibit the issue of virtual currency.C) The central bank will issue another currency instead of QQ coins.D) The central bank will raise the exchange rate of Yuan against QQ coins.59. Which of the following can best describe Tencent’s reaction to PBOC?s concern about QQcoin?A) They argue it’s overreacting.B) They argue it’s optimistic.C) They argue it’s appreciated.D) They argue it’s insightful.60. Which of following is NOT true?A) People can make money by trading QQ coins.B) Unofficial online vendors have appeared to take advantage of QQ fever.C) Professional game players can hack into user accounts and steal them.D) Unused QQ coins can be transferred to RMB Yuan.61. Originally the virtual coins were designed to pay for Tencent services except_____.A) electronic greeting cardsB) anti-virus softwareC) online gamesD) chips for gambling online62. Who are the main customers of Tencent QQ coins?A) Primary school students.B) High-school or university students.C) Blue-collars.D) White-collars.63. What have some US lawmakers accused Beijing of?A) Chinese government applies too strict rules to the regulation of virtual currency.B) The value of Yuan was devalued by artificial currency manipulation.C) Beijing doesn’t allow the setting up of the Virtual Bank of China.D) The Yuan has appreciated dramatically recently.64. What can you infer from the passage about Tencent’s attitude towards QQ coin?A) dubious B) supportive C) sensitive D) demanding65. What is the best title for this passage?A) QQ coin and hackers B) QQ coin and virtual currencyC) QQ coin and its impact D) QQ coin and its competitorsIV. Translation 15%Part A Please translate the following sentences into Chinese (8%)1. A professor who expects everyone from Indonesia, Mexico, and many other countries to “bargain” may unfairly interpret a hesitation or request from an international student as a move to manipulate preferential treatment. (2%)2. In many developing countries, communal lands remain a crucial source of biomass energy, yet privatization of these lands continue apace –reducing free access to fuel wood, and removing yet another area where cooperative decisions could be made on sustainable management of fuel wood sources. (3%)3. A free market that allows the same kind of incentives to operate as those that increasingly govern capital markets and product markets in China, would go a long way toward promoting skill formation.(2%)4. For this system to operate effectively, credit markets for schooling should be developed to allow students to borrow against future earnings.(1%)Part B Please translate the following sentences into English (7%)5. 当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济、提高国民生活水平。