动词不定式作主语的三种方式
I不定式作主语通常位于句首。
如:
①To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
②To get up early is necessary.早起是必要的。
II把引导词it放在句首作形式主语,而把真正的主语———动词不定式(短语)放在后面。
如:
①It's not easy to work out the problem.计算出这道题不容易。
②It is interesting to play with snow in winter.冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。
it作形式主语时,有三种情况:
1)常用形容词作它的表语。
真正主语不定式通常有逻辑主语,一般用for短语来表示,即for sb.to do sth.(其中sb.就是to do的逻辑主语)。
如:
It's important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。
[注意]for不能用of来代替,因为不能说:You are important.
当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,则不用for,而用of(sb.to do sth.)。
如:
It's very kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了。
(可以说:You are very kind.)
2)有时也接名词作表语。
如:
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
3)it作形式主语时,还常用于“It takes(took /will take)sb.some time(money)to do sth.”句型中。
如:
①It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。
②It will take us a long time to walk there.步行去那儿要花费我们很长时间。
III.动词不定式与疑问词how,what,when,where,which等连用构成不定式短语,也可作主语。
如:
①How to use the computer is the question.如何使用计算机是个问题。
②Where to go has not been decided.去哪儿还没有定下来。
【巩固练习】选择正确答案填空。
1.It's important you walk after supper.
A.of;to B.for;of C.to;to D.for;to
2.It's very kind you help me.
A.to;of B.of;to C.for;to D.to;to
3.To make friends with them nice.
A.is B.are C.be D.does
4. the meeting has not been discussed yet.
A.Why to hold B.Where to C.When to hold D.Which to
(Keys:1—4 DBAC)。