新托福阅读基础课讲义（1）By Vincent
Part I. Introduction and Vocabulary
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Introduction and Material Reference Features of TOEFL Reading text Material Reference Vocabulary How many? What kind? How to? Features of TOEFL iBT Reading Text 1. 2. 3. Major topics 1） psychology, political science, sociology, history, autobiography, etc. 2） painting, dancing, music, architecture, etc. 3） geology, geography, biology, science and technology, etc. Recommended books Building Skills for the TOEFL iBT（North Star） TOEFL 词汇 王玉梅编著 老托真题汇编 On the Road/The Kite Runner/The Black Swan… Online Resources: 科学美国人 英文维基百科 / Dictionary The Merriam-Webster's Collegiate® Dictionary Longman Advanced American Dictionary Collins Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Lingoes!!! Vocabulary—How many? Middle School Students in China: CET-4: CET-6: Requirements by the ETS:




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新托福阅读基础课讲义（1）By Vincent
Vocabulary—What kinds? 1. Words with various meanings 1) A base, therefore, reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. 2) And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. 3) Joe Hisaishi has written scores for many renowned movies. 4) Did you doctor the report? 5) The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at using the reeds, grasses, bards, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects. 2. Words with close meanings The Merriam-Webster Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms 3. Academic words Pop quiz: 1) One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. 2) Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to elements of the human body; a supporting skeleton or frame, an outer skin enclosing the interior spaces, equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and systems. 3) In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. 4) Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. 5) For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them. Exercise: Match the words below: Conversational: Academic: end abridge speed terminate weight oriental shorten demonstrate idea concept method velocity show strategy east mass
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新托福阅读基础课讲义（1）By Vincent
2) comparison e.g. Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? Practice a. Her sister was always at ease with everyone she met; Minette, however, was quite gauche in social situations. b. The society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meeting in 1854 membership had fallen to twenty-one. c. Today‘s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their traditional grandparents. d. The grass seeks her crowd in the earth. The tree seeks his solitude of the sky. 3) definition e.g.1 The Earth's crust is thought to be divided into huge, movable segments, called plates, which float on a soft plastic layer of rock. e.g.2 Glaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or present movement. The term iceberg refers to a large floating mass of ice detached from a glacier e.g.3 In the skeletal system, a foramen, that is, an opening through a bone, serves as a passageway for blood vessels, nerves or ligaments. 4) exemplification e.g. Molt of the flight feathers is the most highly organized part of the process. Some species, for example, begin by dropping the outermost primary feathers on each side and wait until the replacement feathers are about one-third grown before shedding the next outermost, and so on. Practice： a) I offer a money-back guarantee if the program fails. If my treatments don’t work, you will get back 100% of your money. The word guarantee is closest in meaning to argument promise disease cure b) To Mrs. Contrepois, the youths’ main liability is not a lack of ability, but confusion about their identity. The word liability is closest in meaning to disadvantage asset circumstance reason