1. 作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t
help crying.
=When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自 禁地哭了起来。
Practice: (1)_D___ dogs seldom bite. A. Bark B. To bark C. Barked D. Barking (2) The wolf spoke in a __A___ voice and Mr.
Dongguo felt______. A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; frightening D. frightening; frightening
=Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。
Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因为他已经去过长城许多次，上 周他就没去。
3. 作条件状语 -ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如： Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 Being given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
area looking around curiously. attributive
2. I stood for a minute watching them and went
to greet them.
adverbial
adverbial
3. She stepped back appearing surprised …
e.g. a swimming pool = a pool for swimming
a sleeping car= a car for sleeping
2) -ing形式表示 “......的” 意思, 叫 现在分词。
e.g. a sleeping child working people the rising sun
Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃 声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入 两个动作同时发生）
The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造地 这栋楼房室 我们地 新图书馆（being built为现在分词 的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）
Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。
V-ing形式在句中作定语和状语是本单 元的学习重点。
1. 作定语 V-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置 修饰语, 这时有两种情况。
1) -ing形式表示 “供作......之用”的意 思, 这类作定语的-ing形式，叫动名词。
4. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in
smiling, together with … adverbial 5. …, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling
face.
attributive
二、-ing形式作状语 -ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓 语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时 间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等 情况。-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次 要的动作， 一般都可以变为相应的状 语从句或并列句。
Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 2. 作原因状语 -ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如： Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它 所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从 句。 e.g. 1.They are visitors (who are) coming from several countries.
2.The boy (who is)standing there is a classmate of mine.
A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake
Read the sentences from the text,then point
out the function of red words. 1. I saw several young people enter the waiting
(3) It’s pleasure to watch the face of aC____ baby.
A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept
(4) The __A__ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.
Grammar V-ing 形式
一: V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。
语态 主动语态
被动语态
时态
Байду номын сангаас
一般式 (not) doing (not) being done
完成式 (not)
(not)
having done having been done