英语表示“变化”连系动词的用法英语中表示“变化”的连系动词主要有 become, come, go, get, grow, turn等。
使用时注意以下几点:一、become 和get的用法二、主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。
如:Hearing this,the boss became [got] angry 听到这事,老板就生气。
三、The travelers became [got] thirsty. 旅客们渴了。
Soon the man became famous. 不久后这个人就出名了。
If you eat such food you’ll get [become] fat. 如果你吃那样的食物,你会发胖的。
另外,还有become [get] ill, old, well, deaf, strong, etc (得病,变老,痊愈,变聋,变强,等)。
另外,become 和 get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。
如:It’s becoming [getting] cold (dark, cloudy). 天渐冷了(黑了,多云了)。
Divorce is becoming [getting] more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。
This design of resident buildings is becoming [getting] fashionable. 这种住宅楼的设计正在逐渐流行起来。
二、go 和come 的用法两者均可表示变化,但前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物),后者则主要指向好的方面变化。
如:go bald (deaf, mad, etc) 发秃,变聋,发疯,等The meat’s gone off [gone bad]. 肉变味(变坏)了。
The radio’s gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。
Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。
Everything came right. 一切顺利。
另外,go还可用于人或事物颜色的变色,与turngo用法相同。
如:She went [turned] blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。
The rotten meat went [turned] green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。
说明:1. go 一般不与 old, tired, ill 等连用,遇此情况要用其他连系动词。
如:grow [get] old 变老fall [become] ill 生病fall [become] sick 生病get [feel] tired 疲劳2. go后接形容词通常表示结果(见上例),但在个别搭配中也可表示状态。
如:go hungry 挨饿go naked 光着身子3. come 除表示向好的方面变化外,还有以下常见搭配值得注意。
如:come untied 解开come loose 变松come undone 松开三、grow 的用法grow 主要表示逐渐变化,强调变化的过程。
如:It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。
Bob is growing old. 鲍勃渐渐变老了。
The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。
The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日趋严峻。
四、关于结构以上提到的连系动词通常接形容词作表语,但有的还可接其他结构,如come, get, grow后可接不定式,become, turn后可接名词,go, get, grow后可接介词短语。
如:You’ll soon grow to like her. 你很快就会喜欢她的。
Soon I came to like him. 不久我便开始喜欢他了。
It’s becoming a serious problem.它正在成为一个严重问题。
The little plant grew into a tree. 幼苗长成了一棵树。
They went out of fashion years ago.它们好多年前已变得不时新了。
说明:turn后接名词时,往往表示意想不到的变化,名词前通常用零冠词。
如:后接名词时,往往表示意He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college. 他从医学院毕业后当了作家。
(比较:He became a writer after graduating from college.)become,get,go,grow,run,turn等系动词辨析及搭配用法常见的“变成”类系动词有become, get, come, go, grow, fall, turn, run等,都表示从一种状态到另一种状态。
尽管意思都差不多,但搭配有差别,若不注意,运用时会出错。
我们要注意以下几个方面。
1. 形容词作表语。
go和come是一对相反的词。
“go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情,而''come+adj.''表示好的事情。
如:In hot weather, meat goes bad.Things will come righ in the end.go与come前面的主语一般是物。
如:误:She goes famous.正:She becomes(gets) famous.表语为mad,crazy(古怪的),blind, lame或表示颜色的词,go前面的主语可以是人。
如:He went mad.Hearing this, she went red.run后面接short,dry, low, deep等词,主语多为能流动,能消耗掉的东西。
如:Their money was running short.Still waters run deep.但wild作表语,主语可以是人,如:.Don't let the children run wild.grow与run相对,接表示人或物特征的静态形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,侧重于“逐渐变成”。
如:The girl grew thinner and thinner.Soon the sky grew light.turn多接表示颜色的形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,它侧重变得与以前完全不同。
如:The man turned blue with fear.The weather suddenly turned much colder.fall接asleep, silent等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词,但不能接形容词比较级。
如:She fell ill froom cold.(误)She fell from cold.(正)She got worse.fall short(没中),fall apart(散开),fall flat(没效果),可作成语记住。
''get+adj.''是口语,用得广泛,get能替代become, become较正式,get与become 前面的主语既可以是人又可以是物。
如:He became(got) angry.His coat has become(got) badly torn.get较多地与形容词比较级连用。
如:The days are getting longer and longer.注意:become一般不用于“将来成为”的意思。
如:(误)I hope you will become well.(正)I hope you will get well.2. become, turn, get, go, fall能用名词作表语,其它的则不能。
如:His dream has become(got) a reality.He has turned scientist.He has gone socialist.He fell(a) victim to cancer.注意:go, turn后面的名词通常不带冠词。
3. become, get, grow能接过去分词,并且come和go多接有否定前缀的过去分词。
“get+过去分词”表示一次行为;“become+过去分词”表示事情发生的最后结果。
如:The string comes untied.His report went unnoticed.The fence gets white---washed every year.She became engaged as a typist.4. get, go, come能接现在分词,不过它们已失去“成为”的意思。
如:They went in and got chatting together.(开始)We often go swimming.(去)He came running in(来)5. come, grow, get能接不定式,这种结构表示变化过程,come表示“最终变得”get 表示“由不……变得”,grow表示“渐渐变得”如:I've really come to love this place.Mary's growing to be more and more like her mother.You'll soon get to like it.这种结构不能用于带有一段时间的完成时态。
如:(误)They have got to know each other for years.(正)They have known each other for years.6. 它们都可以接介词短语,固定搭配需要一个一个地记。
如:They ran out of money.The problem will come under discussion.They fell behind the others.What has become of the girl.It's getting near tea-time.我们今后在阅读时,要留心这些系动词的搭配,见得多,善于运用,自然也就记得牢了。
become,get,go,grow,run,turn都可以表示状态的变化,但要注意下面的几点:1.指人的情绪或身体状态的变化,多用become与get,两者可以互换。
1)Hearing what he said,the teacher got/became angry.听到他所说的话,老师生气了。
2)I hope you will get well soon.我希望你不久能痊愈。