基础英语第三单元课后习题答案Text comprehe nsionI. AII. 1. F; 2. T; 3. T; 4. T; 5. F.III. 1. See Paragraph 1. people rush ing into elevators without giving those in sidea cha nee to get off first, n ever say ing ‘enhaneyDho” awhooropen for them, or “ Please ” when they want a coworker to hand themsomethi ng, n ever givi ng a wave or nod oappreciatiorwhe n ano ther motorist lets thempull outi nto traffic.2. See paragraph 4, example and pan achegAaciousma nner not only sets an excelle nt example for your childre n and gran dchildre n but it addpricelesspa nachei your image.3. See para.5, a recipe. The n ote was lovely eno ugh, but eve n lovelier was the fact that the guest had also in cluded a recipe for a dish Icomplime nted her 6n d t an earlier gatheri ng.4. See para.7, “ ExcusJisted” powerful as a thank-you note is thesimple phrase “ Excuse me. ”5. See para.9, we love the mostT hat' s wher⑥ounts the most because those are the people we love the most.6. See para. 11. She wishes that every one would catch them.IV. 1.A gracious manner makes you look much more stylish, charm ingand admirable, con tributi ng in valuably to your image.2. I am sure that to finish writing a thank-you note will not take my guest too much time.3. It made most of your irritation disappear.4. Being pun ctual has always bee n con sidered a virtue, both in the past and at prese nt; ithas not become outdated.5. You shouldn ' t accept the other person ' s presenee withouwthinking of homuch it mea ns to you.6. Good manners are easy to catch.Structural analysis of the text1 / 19I. Vocabulary AnalysisI. Phrase practice1. get away from sth. = become differe nt from what it should be like 偏离了以往的规范2. giving a wave or nod of appreciation = displaying gratitude by waving a hand or noddi ng the head 招手或点头以表示感谢pull out into traffic =move out onto the main road 从路侧驶入车流3. matter very much = be of great significance4. on the receiving end =who receives the thank-you remar接收方；5. go a long way = produce a far-reach ing effec有长远的影响II.1. punctuality;2. routine;3. infectious;4. bet;5. terrific;6. board;7. valued;8. count;9. cherishes;10. irritations.III.1.matter: to be important, or to affect what happenshappen: when something happens, there is an event, especially one that is not planned care:if you care about something, you feel that it is important and are concerned about itmind: to take care of someone or something2.2 / 19hurry: to do something or go somewhere more quickly than usual, especially because there is not much timerush: if you rush somewhere, you go there quicklyhasten:you hasten something by acting in order to make it happen soonerquicken: to become quicker or make something quicker3.copartner: a joint partner (as in a business enterprise)coworker: your coworker is someone you work with, especially people on the same job or project as youcolleague:your colleagues are the people you work with, especially in a professional jobcooperative: a business or organization owned equally by all the people working there 4.pull up: the driver stops the car, often for a short timepull out: a vehicle starts moving onto a road or onto a different part of the roadpull off: to drive a car off a road in order to stop, or to turn into a smaller roadpull down: to earn a particular amount of moneye.g.He is pulling down $5,000 a year.5.manner: the way in which people behave and talk when they are with other people, for example whether they are polite, confident or bad-tempered3 / 19behaviour: the thing that a person or animal doesact:something that you doway: the ways of a particular person or group of people are their customs or their usual behavior6.graceful: behave in a pleasant waygracious: behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank grateful: wish to thankgrand: splendid in style and appearance; attracting admiration and attention7.menu: a list of all the kinds of food that are available for a meal, especially in a restaurant cookbook: a book that contains recipes for preparing food recipe: a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food ingredient: a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish8.huge:extremely large in size, amount, or degreeenormous: emphasizing the great degree or extent of something vast:extremely bigcolossal:used to emphasize that something is extremely large1. c ompliment : praise insincerely as an empty formality or self-interested gesture. a. praised; b.compliment; c. praise; d. complimented.2. appreciate: be thankful or grateful; like or value something.a. appreciated;b. enjo yed;c. enjoying;d. appreciated.IV.3. precious: valuable, rare, important. Priceless: worth a lot of money.a. priceless;b. priceless;c. precious;d. precious.4. notice: take in a small detail.a. see;b. no tice;c. see;d. no ticdV. Synonym / AntonymGive synonyms or antonyms of the word un derl ined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. … never giving a wave or nod ofppreciation when another motorist lets them pullout into traffic.Synony ms: tha nks, recog niti on2. In our lazinesswe think that something like a simple “Thank you ” doesn ' t really matter.Antonyms : activeness, liveliness, briskness, eagerness3. We can' t be trul^tylish without good mann ers.Synony ms: fashi on able, graceful, elega nt4. Haven ' t you noticed that the kindest, mgeti erous people seem to keep getting prettier?Antonyms : selfish, mean, ungenerous5. A gracious manner not only sets an excelle nt example for your childre n and gran dchildre n but it adds pan ache to your image.Synonyms: nice, courteous, polite, frien dly5 / 196. I know we all have busy lives.Antony ms: leisurely, relaxed, idle, uno ccupied, lazy7. But whe n some one does stop antiirn around and genuin ely apologizes, does n ' t itmelt awaymost ——if not all ——of the irritati on you felt?Synony ms: annoyan ce, vexati on, displeasure, dissatisfacti on8. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either.Antonyms : promptness, timekeeping, reliability4. Word derivati onFill in the bla nk in each sentence with an appropriate form of the give n capitalized word in the brackets.1..The next-door neighbours are so unfriendly that we havetopped trying to talk to them. (frie nd)2. Yes, I can speak a little Spanish becausesIpentsome of my boyhood in Spain. (boy)3. The doctor dealt with the hysterical patie ntwith un dersta nding. (un dersta nd)4. There 'areception at the British Embassytonight. (receive)5. The disappeara nee of the mon e^rom the cash-box shows that somebody in this office is a thief. (appear)6. You must accept the decisioof the committee, (decide)7. Tom and Tim are twin brothers. They look exactlyalike,(动名词短语独立结构) differing only in height. (differenee)8. To relieve the traffic congestion, the government has built several elevatedads in the city. (elevator).6 / 191. friend (n.)朋友，友人，支持者frie ndly (adj.&adv.)友好的，友善的frie ndship (n.)友谊，友好frie ndli ness (n.)友好，亲切frie ndless (adj.)没有朋友的，无依无靠的un frie ndly (adj.)不友好的，有敌意的2. boy (n.)男孩，儿子，男服务员boyish (adj.)像男孩子的boyhood (n.少年时代boylish (adj.)男孩样的，很帅气的boyish ness (n .少年，幼稚，孩子气3. understand (v.理解，懂，听说，获悉un dersta ndi ng (n.了解，理解，个人见解，非正式协议un dersta ndin gly (adv.谅解地un dersta ndable (adj 可理解的，能够懂的un dersta ndability (n.易懂性，可理解性un dersta ndable ness (n不可理解misun dersta nd (v.误会，误解misun dersta nding (n.误会，误解4. receive (v.)收到，接到，受到7 / 19received (adj.)被一般承认的，公认的receivi ng (n.)接收，买卖赃物receiver (n.)接收器，收款员，接待者，听筒receivable (adj.可收到的，应收的receivability (n.)可以接受，可接纳5. appear( v. )出现，显得，出版，抵达appeara nee (n外表，外貌出场，露面，出现disappear (v.)?肖失，不见disappeara nee (n 肖失6. decide (v.)决定，判断decided (adj.)确定的，坚决的decisi on (n.)决定，决策decisive ness (n.坚决，果断decisive (adj.)决定性的7. differe nee (n.)差异，分歧，差额，不同differe nt (adj.)不同的，差异的differ (v.)不同，相异，有区别differe ntial (adj.)差别的，特定的，微分的differe ntiate (v.)识别，使差异，求导数，区分differe ntiation (n.)区别，分化，变异8 / 198. elevator (n.)电梯，飞机升降陀elevate (v.)举起，提拔，素养提升，鼓舞elevation (n.)海拔，提拔，提高elevatory (adj.)向上举的，升高的IIGrammar Exereise1. "more …tha n" con struct ion兔 You can use a little a lot , , a bit , a great deal , any , far , eve“still ”, and “much” imn of r oentthoafn construction.2. "as … ss"constructionas +adjective / adverb + a.s※ You can use “just ”, “almost”, “nearly ” , “quite ” in front of "as … as" construction,3. the mostthree or more than three people or things are compar.edThe negative form of the superlative construction is "the least".I.II. 1. older than;2. more interested;3. as crowded as;4. as pale as;5. more exciting than;6. as complicated as;9 / 197. easier than;8. as expensive as;9. more selective;10. nicer;11. as unlucky as;12. more difficult.III.1. stronger;2. more noisy;3. more expensive;4. more difficult;5. happier;6. younger;7. more often;8. further;9. more exciting;10. louder.IV. Use superlatives or comparatives of the adjectives given to complete the sentences.1. I prefer this chair to the other one. It ' s _more_combfloer)t.able_ (comforta2. That ' s __the_funniest__ (funny) joke I have ever heard.3. Now I ' ve realized that giving up my job is __the__worst__ (bad) mistake I have ever made.4. more serious;5. the most popular;10 /196. quieter;7. the most beautiful;8. healthier;9. the least honorable;10. less challenging, least challenging.V.1. elder: older;2. eldest: oldest;3. older and elder are both right;4. further and farther are both right;5. farther: further;6. more an: a more;7. better;8. right.III. Translation exercisesI. Translation from English into Chinese.1. 譬如，我在纽约就看到这样的差别，与我20 多年前刚搬来时大不相同了：人们蜂拥走进电梯，却没有让电梯里面的人先出来；别人为他们开门时，从来不说“谢谢”；需要同事给他们递东西时，从来不说“请”；当其他开车人为他们让道时，也从不挥手或点头表示谢意。