Part1英语句子成分一、词类英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。

如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。

如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。

如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。

如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。

如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如：oh, well, hi, hello.二、句子成分1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。

如：The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词)We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词)The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词)It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

练一练：指出下例句中主语的中心词。

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。

动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。

实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。

如：由单一动词作谓语：We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary.情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor.助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

练一练：选出句中谓语的中心词。

① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer a nd longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦ W hat I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。

常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。

如：They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语)I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)He is here (副词)It’s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. (形容词)Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）表保持（keep, stay）系动词表改变（get，become，turn）感官动词（feel，sound，seem/look，taste，smell）练一练：挑出下列句中的表语。

① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he w orried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，是动作的对象或承受者。

一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。

如：He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now. (名词)They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.(代词)I want three./ Please pass me the first. (数词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。

这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。

如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you？(间宾＋直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。

如：Han Chen lent some money to T om.(直宾＋间宾)Lucy bought a dictionary for T om.(直宾＋间宾)②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。

这类动词有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。

如：I hope to see you again.③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。

这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)等。

如：Do you mind my opening the window？④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。

a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。

如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。

如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。

)The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。

注意：英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词，不带宾语的叫不及物动词。

及物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整，不及物动词本身意义已完整，后面不跟宾语。

You may use my pen. / Do you like fish? ( 及物)Dick swims very well. / The sun rises in the east. (不及物)不及物动词可加介词再加宾语We are listening to the music.They are talking to each other.既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词的词：We are growing tomatoes. / Tomatoes grow well in our garden.They left Shanghai yesterday. / They left yesterday.My mother teaches in this school. / She teaches English.We are studying. / We study English.We began our lesson at nine. / The lecture began at nine.练一练：挑出下列句中的宾语。