1. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
【析句】句子的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences to tell us that...and that...。
主系表容易辨认，to tellus作目的状语，两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。
令整个句子略显复杂的是插入语enlisted by the WhiteHouse，割裂了这句话的整体性。
2. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
【析句】首先，句子的主干science does provide us...future and it is critical...。
and连接两个并列的句子，前句是个简单句，容易理解；后句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，因为从句很长，若放在句首，句子则显得头重脚轻。
that主语从句中，our nation and the world 是主语，base是谓语，important policies是宾语，on the best judgments 是宾语补足语，而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。
注意，concerning the futrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词，意为“关于，就……而论”。
3. Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】就像吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。
在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体。
【析句】句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters,insiting that...,that... 中，insisting是现在分词作定语，相当于that insist; 两个that引导的都是宾语从句，作insist的宾语。
第二个that从句中，还包含until引导的时间状语从句。
1. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. (2005. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。
【析句】主句是简单句，their behaviour became markedly different.从句比较复杂，首先是when引导时间状语从句，so that引导结果状语从句，其中，what the other was getting 是observe 的宾语从句。
2. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. (2005. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。
【析句】句子的主干是if one received a grape, the other either tossed ...chamber,or refused to ...........cucumber. 先看if 引导的条件状语从句，without having to provide.....in exchange 是介宾结构；再看主句，主语是the other,有两个由or连接的动作toss...at or out of和refused to accept。
3. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. (2005. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。
【析句】例句3和例句1看起来结构相似，其实大有不同。
例句3中，主语较长, 有两个主语从句构成，whether such a sense of fairness evolved...or whether it stems from the common ancestor, 第二个主语从句中，that 引导定语从句修饰ancestor。
系表结构是is an unanswered question.1.Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. (2004. 阅读. Text 4)【译文】莱维西最新著作《落后：一个世纪的失败学校改革》探索学校里反智主义倾向的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校绝没有抵制美国人对才学追求的厌恶。
【析句】句子的主干是Ravitch's latest book traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools. 其中，book后的插入语是书名，concluding they are anything...puisuits是现在分词引导结果状语从句，注意其中的短语anything but相当于only。
2. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. (2004. 阅读. Text 4) 【译文】拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生和其他一些先验主义哲学家认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性。
“我们被关在中小学和大学的朗诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却啥都不懂。
【析句】整句话的主句是Ralphph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalistphilophers thought,后面是省略了that的宾语从句,从句的主干是We are shut up and come out and do not known a thing. 注意冒号，实际上将这段话分成了前后两句。
3. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and milit antly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”(2004.阅读.Text 4) 【译文】霍夫斯塔特说，掌握我们国家教育体系的人“沾沾自喜地、霸气十足地公然宣称敌视才学，迫不及待地认同那些看来在才学方面最难造就的孩子。