当前位置:文档之家› 考研英语长难句分析之_特殊句式

考研英语长难句分析之_特殊句式

第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析1.简单句、并列句、复合句从句: 名词性:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句形容词性:定语从句副词性:状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式2.省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构英语中还有一些特殊句式,出现在阅读理解中,势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。

但是,特殊句式还是有语法规律的,因此,如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律,在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象,障碍就基本克服了。

1.省略句资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine.Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓,其智乃见。

(省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去,避免重复,使句子更简洁,加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。

被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。

文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺,造成句子不完整,如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分,就容易造成对文章的理解困难。

省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。

对于这类句式,其难点在于发现省略成分,一旦找出并补充完整,句意理解就会大大简化。

省略句如果出现在翻译中,在翻译的时候,一定要把省略的部分翻译出来,否则会扣分。

A:and 连接的并列句的省略材料48页:Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(2002)分析:很明显,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem,是一个省略句,with 做状语一般表示伴随,这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构,构不成一个完整的句子。

实际上,与前句相同的成分才会被省略,前一句的谓语部分是:will continue to be rejected. 所以,后一分句补充完整就是:with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.练习:1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons)2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major )3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you aredismay. (省略主谓)B:状语从句中的省略规则:当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候,且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候,从句可省略主谓。

See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句3.If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句)4.Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句)5.The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. (比较)真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.这是复合句。

in which引导定语从句,修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作状语。

在介词短语like our own后面省略了planet. revolving为现在分词短语作定语,修饰our own planet. 翻译时根据汉语习惯,将状语提前译出。

译文事实上,除了像地球这样围绕太阳旋转的行星以外,我们不知道是否在其他类型的天体上也有适合生命存在的条件。

真题例2:Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.【解析】本句是由三个并列结构的短句组成,其中后两个分句clinical depression controlled 和cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure都承第一个分句省略了can be。

此句注意不要将后两个平行结构的分句看成了独立主格结构。

【翻译】髋骨出了问题可以更换,临床的忧郁症可以控制,白内障仅用30分钟的外科手术便可以切除。

2.比较结构英语比较结构最主要分为两种一:平级as…as结构,这种结构的基本模式是:as+形容词或副词原级+as, 通常表示事物之间某方面一样;翻译:A和B 一样;和B一样,A……否定形式not as/so…as, 表示两者程度不等,not as/so … as 前者不如后者A不如B People are not so honest as they once were.not so much …as 与其不如See 材料48页二:比较级than 结构,表达事物之间差别1)less… than…(与其…不如…,可等同于not as much… as)等等。

See 材料49页Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. See 材料51页【分析】less...than可以理解为“不是……而是……”。

【翻译】在实践中,科学不是依靠事先有准备的试验,而是依靠实验观察者有所准备的头脑。

2)more…than结构,这种结构的基本模式是:形容词或副词比较级+than,其否定形式多用not as/so…as, 形容词或副词比较级前常用much, far, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal等词语修饰;See 材料50页The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.和有些政客们在演讲中愿意公开承认的事实相比,人类生存状态和社会不公正现象目前已经非常复杂,这种复杂性要求社会结构进行根本性改革.Medicine is more an art than a science.3) no more than See 材料51页The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.译文:心脏和胃一样都无智力可言,因为它们都是由大脑控制的。

4) no less thanthe more people online, the more potential customers there are。

The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.【分析】本句主干使用了the more…the more…(越……越……)的结构。

you have 是省略了引导词的定语从句,修饰先行词foreign capital; 现在分词结构helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure作foreign capital的后置定语。

逗号之前是由which引导的非限定性定语从句which today is an electronic infrastructure,修饰前面的Third Wave infrastructure。

【翻译】你拥有的用于建造第三次浪潮基础设施(今天主要指电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,你将越富有。

3.倒装结构倒装是一种语法手段,用以强调某一句子结构或某一句子成分。

倒装分为两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装;只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装。

Then began a hot debate between the two parties. (完全倒装)Never have we found him in such a good mood.(部分倒装)理解倒装句的有效对策是找到句中的主语、谓语,进而将谓语动词还原到主语之后按照正常语序再来完整的理解该句话。

See 材料51页☆例句分析:see 材料59页Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition.【解析】本句是全部倒装句,正常语序为The picture…is emerging from the 1980 census…, 倒装的原因是这个句子主语the picture 后面的现在分词结构developing more and more regional competition作nation的后置定语。

相关主题