Listening1.开头——复习+主旨例外：①课堂复习——不考标志过去时态开始标志：now,today，OK，while②教师道歉③归纳法开头，先给出例子，再给出结论--记例子主体&论点2.结尾——推断+细节3.注意重复细节与观点4.举例——记例子主体，注意提示词5.定义解释——其中关系6.注意可以停顿7.注意课堂引导词——remember now OK while imagine today8.授课中问答9.因果关系10.听清层次——firstly secondly...11.注意转折12.Listen again 专业术语不变避免原词重复Speaking notesQ1&Q2To start with I believe most of people would choose... However i would like to choose...today i have two arguments to supports to support my idea.Today i mainly have one important argument to back up my ideaTake me for example... For instance... For exampleFurthermore what's moreTo summarize to conclude all in allBased on the two points i have already mentioned ...will always be my choice...Q31.The school wants/plans to doThe school policy is...The school wants to carry out a policy which is...2.sb suggests/advises that the university should (stop) do...3.In the conversation，the man disagrees，and he has two pointsIn the listening material，the man agree with the policy because of the following reasons...4.First，the school think，however the man think...Second...Based on the two points the man disagree.Q4In this set of material，the reading passage introduce a theory/principle/definition...which means(suggests) that...In the lecture，the professor uses/gives us/provides us/offers us one/two examples to explain/illustrate/demonstrate/clarify this theory.The first is about...The second is ...Q51.time conflict①to find sb else to replace/take place of youto find sb to help him②drop，give up,cancel one of the plans③reschedulePut off，delay，postpone,to find another day to do.Do/finish...before...④ask for extension/extra days/putting off the dead line2.course is not available①to take the same/similar course next semester②take it in another school③choose the graduate lessonQ6The lecture is about/the topic is about...The professor mainly talked about ...According to the lecture...In this listening material the professor explain...All in all/in conclusion...Tips1.DefinitionThe term ...is defined as..The definition of the term is...2.ResultThe/it result turn out to be...pareIn the experiment，students are divided into two groups.The first group is... In the second group the situation is totally different/is on the contrary.Writing一、Heading（一）方案1凸显主题引述观点我立场1.凸显主题①As is often the case，Under many circumstances，Currently / In contemporary society，+X/ the issue of X+is widely discussed.is so much concerned that it has aroused a wide discussion.is much concerned to a point where a wide discussion has been aroused. is much concerned at such a degree that a wide discussion has been aroused.is much/ widely discussed to a point where a deep contemplation has been aroused.②so…that…He is so 2 that he is used to running outside at cold winter mid-night with nothing on.= subj+ v. + adj. / ved. + to a / the point whereHe is 2 to a point where he is used to running outside at cold winter mid-night with nothing on.= subj+ v. + adj. /ved. + at such a degree that…He is 2 at such a degree that…2.引述观点againstSome people maintain/ hold that it is …that…A few people hold the opinion that…One point is that…One perspective is that…One conventional idea/ acceptance / view / notion is that… forA common belief is that…A prevailing notion/ acceptance is that…题目核心名词不动题目中观点方向不动3.我立场限度+ 态度①限度to large extent，at large degree,on large scale，②态度I agree with this opinion.I am on the side of this claim / assumption / assertionI side with this claim.I stand with this claim.I would nod in agreement with this claim.I lean toward this claim.I disagree with this opinion.I am on the opposite side of this claim.I side on the opposite.I stand against this claim.I would cast doubt on this claim.I would frown on this claim.全局Currently，the issue of X is much concerned to a point where a wide discussion has been aroused. Some people maintain that it is … that…. To large extent，however，I am on the opposite side of this claim. （二）方案2一分钟快捷法：Some people hold / maintain that…I reckon/ deem thatagainstSome people maintain that…. To large extent，however，I am on the opposite side of this claim and reckon that it assumes a distorted and narrow view.forA prevailing acceptance is that…. To large extent，I am on theside of this claim and reckon that it sensible and rational. Body structureBody+support+strong二、基本思路框架：（一）1.让步Concede：客观性—题目观点有点道理To begin with，I have to concede that…2.主旨段1：分析—题目观点/言论谬误Nevertheless（Nonetheless）the claim—problematicAttention：探讨论点 > 议论话题3.主旨段2：推理—后果严重，危害巨大At last，the influence—negative4.其她备选思路Optional 1：可行性欠佳not feasibleOptional 2：效用差ineffectiveOptional 3：当A>B时，支持弱者B is also significantOptional 4：当题目中X is the …est,质疑“最”X is not the …est. Optional 5：因果关系不合理No direct relation between A and B（二）中心句：1 .让步To begin with，I have to admit that…To begin with，it is undisputable that…First of all，I have to concede that X，at some / certain degree，is/ can…First of all，I have to concede that doing some writing，at certain degree,is beneficial(与题目立场一致).限制级让步—避免喧宾夺主…，to some / certain extent,……，at some/ certain degree,……，on some/ specific occasions,….…，in particular / certain cases，……，under some / particular circumstances,……，theoretically speaking,……，in short-terms,…… is/ can somewhat…… is/ can relatively…2. against1—分析：题目观点谬误(本质使然）驳斥言论>质疑话题Nevertheless，X/ the assumption that…is not immune to several defects，(which makes this claim / assertion open to question). Nevertheless，X/ the assumption that… is not immune to several defects，which degrades this claim as problematic / misrepresentative. Nevertheless，the assumption that… is also contaminated with several defects/ irrationalities，which degrades this claim as problematic / misrepresentative.Do—undertake Be engaged inTip：下定义A isB (B=n. –A function)A serves asB / A functions as BFriends serve as companionships.media serve as sources of influence.作判断A is B (B=adj. / n.)A is accepted / acknowledged as BThis proposal is accepted as beneficial.This proposal，to large extent，is accepted as beneficial.3. against2—推理：后果很严重/危害巨大effect vs influenceNegative influence—destructive consequencesdisastrous consequencesAt last，the consequences/ misleading of…would be negative / destructive / pernicious.At last，the consequences/ misleading that … is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive.4.其她备选思路中心句Option1：这样做不可行 feasible = viable--It is not feasible the feasibility of … is open to question.--It is not viable the viability of… is open to question.The feasibility/ viability of … is vulnerable to any question or challenge.… can hardly be converted from blueprint into reality.… can merely rest on the blueprint.Option1 效果欠佳--切断联系Step1 It can not solve this problemStep2 It fails to offer solutions to this problem.Step3For 建议This proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….For 结论This definition/ conclusion/ X is awkward in serving as a reference for...PracticeThis proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….Option2： B重要( for A>B 话题)B is of great significance for …Great significance for…is closely attached to B--Great significance for the rise of a nation is closely attached to the promotion of education.--Great significance for leading a healthy life is closely attached to the preservation of environment.--Great significance for the duty of celebrities is closely attached to the participation of social services.Option4： X并非最佳There is no point to claim that X serves as the best/ ultimate/ the most approved solution / definition.It is groundless to assert that…serve as—function asOption5：因果关系不合理There is no direct causal relation between A and BThis claim suffers from a fallacy of causal oversimplification.This assumption/ assertion fails to establish a causal relation betweenA and B.三、Body（一）1.让步First of all/ to begin with，I have to concede that X，at certain degree，is beneficial / is effective.2.观点谬误Nevertheless，the assumption that… is not immune to several defects，which makes this claim/ assumption / assertion open to question. Nevertheless，the assumption that… is also contaminated with several irrationalities，which degrades this claim as problematic / misrepresentative.3 .后果严重At last，the consequences / the misleading that X is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive. / disastrous/ pernicious. 4.可行性欠佳The feasibility / viability of X is vulnerable to any question or challenge.5. Ineffective虽然有成果，也很难达到目for 建议类话题To carry the idea further，this proposal / solution/ approach is awkward in serving as a key that guarantees the effectiveness and efficiency. for 定义/结论类话题To carry the idea further，this definition/ conclusion is awkward in serving as a convincing reference that can offer objective and accurate / reliable / trustworthy guidance.6. not the best/ --est ( for 最…话题)There is no point to claim that... serves as the best/ ultimate/ the most approved solution / definition.7. 挽救B—B重要( for A>B 话题)Great significance is also supposed to be attached to B.8. 因果关系不能建立This claim suffers from a fallacy of causal oversimplification.First of all，I have to concede that…，at some / certain degree，is/ can…For one thing，X，on some occasions，is/ can…For the other，it is/ can also somewhat/ relatively…，on the ground that…，for the reason that…，for the sake that…First of all，I have to concede that doing some writing，at certain degree，is beneficial. For one thing，such exercises，on some occasions，contribute to promoting writing skills. For the other，writing can somewhat sharpen the mind.（二）方案1—双论据论点First of all，I have to concede that X，on certain occasions，is beneficial. 论据1For one thing，X serves as 是什么 through which 作用/效果论据2For the other，X also contributes to/ X is also effective in 人例case of/ the case concerning … serves as an example/ evidence / an evident example which，to large extent，can support / solidify /consolidate my claim (that it is… that…)事例the personal experience of … serves as an example / evidence that/ which can largely consolidate/lend credible support to my claim that…方案2—单论据论点First of all，I have to concede that X，on certain occasions，is beneficial，CS2. against1—本质不好i Nevertheless，the inherited/intrinsic /inborn defect of X can largelyundermine the claim/ assumption that….ii Nevertheless，X/ the conclusion that…/ the proposal that… is not immune to several defects，which makes this claim/ assumption / assertion open to question.Nevertheless，X/ the conclusion that…/ the proposal that… is not immune to several defects，which degrades this claim as problematic /misrepresentative.For 建议类话题：复杂任务简朴化As is often the case，/ Under many circumstances,/ As a matter of fact，待解决之问题/达到之目的 is acknowledged as a complicated task/ project/ cause whose solution involves/ requires a combination/ joint of efforts on both the internal and external layers and cannot possibly be tackled/ accomplished by XAs is often the case，待介定之事物 is acknowledged as a complicated phenomenon / concept/ existence whose definition involves/ requires/ concerns a combination of elements / factors on both the subjective and objective layers and cannot possibly be defined by highlighting X. 数据With reference for a survey by International …， % of the people / respondents between and in European countries / E.U. claimed that…With reference for a survey by International …， % of the people / respondents between 15 and 65 in European countries / E.U. claimed that X is the last option employed to…With reference for a survey by International …， %of the people / respondents between 15 and 65 in European countries / E.U. had gloomy views over the effectiveness / the prospect of XAccording to a survey by International Deserts (vol.250)，the deserts all over the world are extending at a rate of 250 football fields every 3 hours.实事—caseThe case concerning … serves as an example/ evidence / an evident example which can，to large extent，support/ solidify/ justify / reinforce/ bolster / consolidate my claim that…人例—personal experienceThe personal experience concerning … serves as an evident example which can largely consolidate my claim that…Optional结论/建议未必合用于所有情形（无视个案差别）… is not unexceptionally acceptable… is not undisputable all the time / under any circumstances The other flaw is that the validation of the view presented in this topic is not universally self evident. On occasion(s) that…,/ On conditions that…，the (utmost) significance is supposed to be attached to X，whereas when this prerequisite/ the condition removes，the emphasis/ focus would also be switched （to other…）.Tip：本段（质疑言论）组织架构：言论谬误The assumption/ assertion that… is problematic.谬误/漏洞1—复杂事物被简化X复杂，解决/定义需要诸多（a combination of ) 努力 (efforts)/ 因素（elements）谬误/漏洞2—观点合理性是有条件X 不总对的（not universally self-evident），只有在…条件下，(on conditions that…)，才合理，否则就不行X has been proved to be (the most) effective …/ the best …Any other efforts / possibilities have been proved to be vain attempts X has been proved to be the most effective …/ the best … that canruleout any other …X enjoys the widest preference后果很严重At last，the consequences/ influence of… is negative / destructive / pernicious.At last，the consequences that X is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive.子论据1：负面影响+小个体（ individual ）大到整体（ society/ system/ industry One point that is worth of mentioning is that…The negative influence of X would be infectious.The negative influence of X would result in a series of chain reaction. The negative influence of X would give rise to Domino Effect/ Butterfly Effect.it can inevitably endanger/ jeopardize both the individual… and the whole society/ industry/ system.The negative influence of X would be infectious，which can inevitably jeopardize / endanger both the individual… and the whole…子论据2：弊不不大于利To carry the idea further,Other than that,In addition，advantages vs. disadvantagesthe disadvantages outweigh the advantages.= the advantages are outweighed by the disadvantages.the disadvantages overshadow the advantages.= the advantages are overshadowed by the disadvantages.Advantages：The expected/ the foreseeable benefits and opportunities / solutions…can offerFor conclusion The expected reference and guidance … can offer Disadvantages：the potential risks and uncertainties … can incurFor conclusion--the potential confusions and misleading … can incurDisadvantage > advantage--the potential risks and uncertainties … incurs far outweigh the expected benefits and opportunities it can offer.--the potential confusions and misleading … incurs can rule out any reference and guidance it can offer.To be exact，it is tantamount to an act of trading A for Btrade long-term … for short term…trade … in the long run for … at presenttrade the possibility of sustainable development for the reality of present interests.trade the unique… for common…trade the cherished… for common / ordinary …trade the invaluable … for the valueless …trade everything for nothing子论据3影响负面且深远Even worse， It runs the risk of driving …to a dead end.This proposal / conclusion is acknowledged as an illogical and irrational assumption/ assertion which indicates / reveals / mirrors a set of misplaced values that run the risk of driving … to a dead end. （三）思路框架：1.让步To begin with，I have to concede that knowing how to use money effectively，at certain degree，is beneficial. For one thing，it somewhat minimizes the risk of financial problems in the future. For the other，the acquisition of such knowledge and skills，at certain degree，contributes to relatively sensible consuming habits.2．因素分析Nevertheless，the claim of emphasizing the role that learning money management at young age plays in making a financially responsible adult is contaminated with several intrinsic irrationalities. As is often the case，implanting a sense of financial responsibility into an individual is acknowledged as a complicated task whose solution involves a combination of efforts on both the internal and external respects and cannot possibly be tackled/ accomplished by simply making children learn management. The personal experience of Madoff serves as an evident example which can largely consolidate my claim. Although Madoof received good education for money management since he was young，he did not have any sense of responsibility and was labeled as a cheater in . The other flaw this assumption suffers from is that it ignores the differentials among cases. On conditions that that the learning of managing money is combined with the instillation ofconscience and moral，or that this proposal has been proved as the most effective measure which can rule out any other solutions，making children learn to manage money is acceptable，whereas when this prerequisite removes，the things would be otherwise.3. 演绎推理At last，the consequences that this proposal is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive. One point that is worth of mentioning is that the misleading and confusion that relating managing money to financial responsibility can incur far outweigh the expected benefits and solutions it can offer. Other than this，learning money management on early stage bears the possibility of bringing in materialism into our education and misplacing the values，which runs the risk of driving the healthy growth of our next generation to a dead end.EndingTo sum up，at large degree，I would cast doubt on this assumption. What is more，it is essential for us to have circumspection over all the factors before any critical decision-makings.Tip：其她备用思路：Option1--可行性欠佳What is more，the feasibility of X is vulnerable to any question or challenge.A host of impediments that are expected to encounter like A，B，C andD are acknowledged as significant factors that play decisive rolesin minimizing the viability.In this sense，it is almost a mission impossible to…重要因素表达—用于论点+论据… serves as a significant factor that plays decisive role in…. … serves as an indispensable element that is not supposed to be overlooked.Tip :不可行障碍--(show no respect) the legal principles--(overlook) the basic laws of nature--(violate) the ethical bottom line--the unsatisfactory voices from the public--limited budgets or financial problemsOption2--虽然有成果，也很难达到目(个性化方案—选配)--牵强联系For 建议This proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….For 结论This definition/ conclusion/ X is awkward in serving as a convincing/ credible reference for...教师与否应当依照她们体现而支付薪水?Paying teachers in accordance with their performance is awkwardin serving as a key to enhancing / improving/ promoting /upgrading the education.This proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a keyto….+切断联系 For 建议As a matter of fact/ In effect，A/ the former does not function as the exclusive prerequisite for B/ the latter.+冲淡联系1 因素多样Under many circumstances，a host of solutions/ possibilities such as A1，A2，A3 and A4 are also indispensable/ significant approaches that are not supposed to be overlooked....is a significant factor that plays a decisive role in…… is also an indispensable element that is not supposed to be overlooked.+冲淡联系2 成果无效On the other hand，such oversimplified strategy would be doomed/ deemed as counterproductive.+阶段性结论In this sense，there exists no direct (causal) relation between A and B (the result and the proposal).For 结论This definition/ conclusion/ X is awkward in serving as a convincing/ credible reference for...+切断联系For 结论A does not serve as an exclusive prerequisite for gaining a betterunderstanding about B+冲淡联系1也许性多样Under certain circumstances，B can be concluded as A1，whereas underothers，the definition/ conclusion like A2，A3，A4 are also sensible/ acceptable/ rational.+冲淡联系2 定义/概括无效GeneralOn the other hand，such over generalized conclusion fails to be representative.+阶段性结论In this sense，there exists no direct relation between the conclusion/ definition and the phenomenon.In this sense，A can tell just part of the story.Option 3-- ... is not the ..estThere is no point to claim that A serves as the best/ ultimate/ the most approved solution / definition.A multitude of other options/ elements/ possibilities / solutions such as B，C，and D are also significant factors that are not supposed to be overlooked.In this sense，it is groundless to put ultimate premium on A.Option 4--挽救B-B重要( for A>B 话题)Great significance is also supposed to be attached to B.Option5—因果无法建立：Furthermore，the claim that… suffers from a fallacy of causal oversimplification.Furthermore，the claim that … rests on a gratuities causal relationship which is in short of legitimacy.In effect，the former does not serve as the exclusive prerequisite forthe latter.Under many circumstances，a host of approaches / solutions/ reasons/ possibilities as A，B，C and D are also acknowledged as significant factors that are not supposed to be overlooked.In addition，this conclusion runs the risk of misleading the understanding / the definition of…In addition，this proposal bears the possibility of driving the result to quite different paths.In this sense，there exists no direct causal relation between A and B.Topics：Because we are busy，we can do few things well.Because we are busy，politeness has become unnecessary and out of fashion. In order to make ourselves happy，we should learn how to make others happy first.For这样较好（本性使然）… is blessed/ gifted withadvantagemerit in …./thatgeniusX is blessed with a multitude of merits.As it stands，X enjoys many advantages like A，B，C and D.According to a survey by…，X% of the respondents …这是不可避免 indispensable / 重要某些A is a part of B= A is included in B= A serves as / functions as an indispensable episode in composing B the absence of… would result in…Families serve as indispensable episode in composing our society.Failures in every segment of our life serve as indispensable episodes in composing our growth.Competition serves as indispensable episode in composing our market. The multimedia and the internet serve as indispensable episodes in composing our modern life.The quantum leaps in science and technology serve as indispensable episode in composing our civilization.这样做可行且运转良好What is more，the feasibility of X can withstand question or challenge.A host of factors such as A，B，C and D are acknowledged as significantelements that play decisive roles in maximizing the viability.Not only does it enjoy feasibility，but also it can operate in a smooth way.如果这样，成果诱人Other than this，the positive consequences of X would turn out to be profound.it will benefit both the individual and the whole systemit contributes to promoting ….，boosting …..and …will thereafter beenhancedIt contributes to promoting the advance of economy，boosting thecommunication among cultures and the reputation of a city is thereafter enhanced.It contributes to promoting the efficiency，boosting the effectiveness and our self-confidence is thereafter enhanced.It contributes to promoting our skills in getting along with others，boosting our abilities in thinking over things and our minds are thereafter sharpened.Advantage> Disadvantage应当这样，由于这样做不但有益，并且无害。