信用风险
合规
市场风险
操作风险
影响
信誉 客户、员工及股东
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Corporate Governance - Risk Definitions 公司内部监空 — 风险的定义
Bank of America uses the following definitions for the various risks incurred during the normal course of business: 美国银行按以下方式定义正常经营过程中发生的各种风险： Credit Risk – The risk related to the inability of a customer, client or other party to meet its
Bank of America categorizes risks into four categories: credit, market, operational, and strategic risk. 美国银行将风险分为四类：信用、市场、操作和战略风险。
Compliance is core to all aspects of risk management.
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Risk Management Importance & Approach 操作风险管理的重要性及方针
In order to realize our vision of becoming the world’s most admired company, Bank of America must build managing risk and reward to a competitive advantage. Risk management is a critical component of our strategy for growth. 为了实现我们成为世界最受钦佩公司的目标，美国银行必须建立具有竞争优势的风险回报管理。在我 们的发展战略中，风险管理是一个关键的组成部分。
Strategic Risk – The risk that adverse business decisions, ineffective or inappropriate business plans or failure to respond to changes in the competitive environment, business cycles, customer preferences, product obsolescence, execution and/or other intrinsic risks of business will impact the company’s ability to meet its objectives. 战略风险—因为不利的业务决定、无效或不恰当的业务计划或因未能适应竞争环境的变化、商 业周期、客户喜好、产品过时、执行和（或）业务的其他内在风险而使公司实现目标的能力受 到影响。
Market Risk – The risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions, such as market movements. These risks arise from positions taken for customers or for corporate purposes, such as liquidity management. 市场风险—资产、负债或营业收入的价值因市场行情变化而受到负面影响的风险，例如市场波 动。这些风险来自于为客户持有或公司自行持有的目的，例如公司为了进行流动性管理而持有 的目的。
Risk governance is about managing risk and reward to grow. 风险的内部监控就是着眼于发展，对风险和回报进行管理。
Risk governance includes both cultural and structural elements. 风险的内部监控包括文化和结构层面的元素。
program and how it fits into the overall corporate risk management governance structure at Bank of America. 理解操作风险的涵义，理解美国银行的操作风险管理制度以及美国银行的操作风险管 理制度如何与美国银行集团总体风险管理结构相衔接。
Operational Risk Management Training 操作风险管理培训
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Operational Risk Management Training 操作风险管理培训
Training Goal: 培训目标: Provide an understanding of operational risk as well as our operational risk management
We take a comprehensive approach to managing risk and reward. 我们采取全面的风险回报管理方针。
We have integrated risk management with strategic, financial, customer, and associate planning processes so that goals and responsibilities are aligned across the company. 我们采取综合性的风险管理模式，通过战略、财务、客户和员工规划流程保证全公司上下目标和责任 的统一。
Managing risk and reward across the enterprise. 集团作为整体进行风险和回报的管理
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Corporate Governance 公司内部监控
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Corporate Governance - Risk Governance 公司内部监控 — 风险的内部监控
The foundation of our approach to managing risk is individual accountability. The job of managing risk resides with every individual associate at Bank of America. 个人问责是我们风险管理方针的基石。美国银行的每个员工都有管理风险的职责。
Examples of operational risks include: 操作风险范例: Processing errors / defects 业务处理中出现错误/瑕疵 Check kiting 空头支票 Natural disasters – hurricanes, flooding 自然灾害—飓风、洪水 Information breaches 信息安全事故 Customer product suitability 客户的产品适合性 Money laundering 洗钱 Discrimination 歧视 Vendor relationships 供应商关系
We use a holistic approach by: 我们采用整体性方针：
Managing risk and reward within individual business units, products, services and transactions, and 在具体的业务单位、产品、服务和交易的内部进行风险和回报的管理
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Corporate Govห้องสมุดไป่ตู้rnance - Risk Definitions (cont.)
公司内部监控—风险的定义（续）
Operational Risk – The risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems or external events. Operational risk also encompasses the failure to implement strategic objectives and initiatives in a successful, timely and cost-effective manner. 操作风险—因内部流程不充分或失灵、人员、系统或外部事件而造成损失的风险。操作风险包 括未能以成功、及时、具有成本效益的方式实施战略目标和行动计划。
Operational risks are inherent to every business, product, service, and function within the Bank and, as such, every line of business and every associate is accountable for managing operational risk in day-to-day responsibilities. 操作风险是银行内部每项业务、产品、服务和职能都固有的风险，因此每个业务线和每个员工 的日常职责中都包括操作风险的管理。
In this training program, you will learn about: 在这次培训中，各位将了解以下内容： Risk Management Importance & Approach at Bank of America
风险管理的重要性和美国银行的风险管理方针 Corporate Governance at Bank of America 美国银行的公司内部监控 Detailed Definition and Subcategories of Operational Risk 操作风险的详细定义和子类别 BASEL Requirements for Operational Risk 巴塞尔协议对操作风险的要求 Industry Operational Risk Management Practices 操作风险管理的行业做法 Operational Risk Management at Bank of America 美国银行的操作风险管理制度 Examples of Policies, Tools & Reports 政策、工具及报告范例