现在完成时一、现在完成时的用法1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成。

如：1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。

（过去某时开始做，到现在已完成）2 ）He has already come 他已经来了。

（过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。

）2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在,有可能继续延续下去。

如：1）I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。

（六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。

）2 ）I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我从1990 年就在沈阳住。

（从1990 年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。

）二、现在完成时的结构1）肯定式：主语+ have / has + 过去分词2 ）否定式: 主语+ have / has + not + 过去分词3）一般疑问式Have / Has + 主语+ 过去分词4 ）特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+have/has+ 主语+过去分词三、现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常用的时间状语包括“already, yet, ever, etc ”。

例如：We have learned about 3000English words by the end of this term.到上学期末我们已经学了3000 个英语单词。

1）当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for 或since 引导的状语。

例如：I 've known Li Li for 4 years. 我认识丽丽已经 4 年了。

I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自从8 年前我就在这工作。

2）当在肯定陈述句中含有already 或just 时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的already 或just去掉，在句末加上yet. 。

例如：I have already seen the film. ------ I haven ' t seen the film yet.He has just come. ----- He hasn't come yet.四、使用时注意事项1. “ have/ has got 形式上是一”种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意思“有” 例如：Have yougot pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有笔友吗？是的，我有。

Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn 't.他有许多工作要做吗？不，他没有。

2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in 的区别。

have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。

He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10年了。

Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗？3. have/ has been to 常和once, twice, never, ever 连用；have/ has gone to 则不可。

例如:—Has Tom ever been to Paris? 汤姆去过巴黎吗？—Yes, he ' s been there many times. 是的，他去过好几次了。

—Where have they gone? 他们去哪里了？—They've gone to Shenyang. 他们去沈阳了。

4．非延续性动词（或称作终止性动词）不能用“现在完成时+ 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。

这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop 等。

但它们能够2 / 6用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词arrive, come f be here, be int go to the concert because I ___ my ticket.begin, start f be ondie f be dead get up f be upleave, move f be away ； go out f be outborrow f keep finish/end f be overopen f be open close f be closedjoin — be a member of现在完成时练习：、选择填空1. Kate s never seen Chinese f ，ilm_s_ A. hasn 't she B. has she C. isn 't she D. is she2. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?- ______ y ou _____ your homework yet?A. Do ；finishB. Are ；finishingC. Did ；finishD. Have ；finished3. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _____ he came to Yunnan.A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. for4. Tom______ t he CD player for two weeks.A. has lentB. has borrowedC. has boughtD. has had5. I _____ a letter from him since he left.A. didn 't receiveB. haven 't gotC. didn 't haveD. haven 't heard6. -Have you ever _____ Beijing ? -Yes, I have.A. went toB. gone toC. been inD. been to7. My parents _____ Shandong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have beenbuy f have 8. I wonA. lostB. don 't loseC. have lostD. is coming9. -Where is Mr Liu? - He ____________ t he library.A. has been toB. has gone toC. has been inD.has went10. We came to Shanghai three years ago, so we _____ here for two years.A. have been toB. have been inC. have beenD. have gone11. - How long ____ you ______ your exam paper? - About three months.A. did ；buyB. have；getC. have；hadD. have；bought12. He tells me he _______ China for over eight years.A. has beenB. has been inC. has been toD. has gone to13. His parents _______ for more than 3 years.A. have come hereB. have started to workC. have lived thereD. have left the university14．I ______ a letter from him since he left ．A ．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard 15．—Where have you _______ t hese days ？—I have ______ t o Dalian with my friends ．A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone 16．How long have you ______ this book ？A ．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent17．—Where's Peter ？—He _______ to Nanjing ．A ．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went18．We have lived here ______ f ive years ago ．A ．when B．since C．before D．after19. —I have watched the game . —Whe n you it ?A . have；watched B. do；watch C. did ；watch D. will ；watch20. Miss Brow n ______ to the Great Wall twice .A . have beenB . has been C. have gone D. has gone二.用动词的适当形式填空1. I __________ a lready ________ (see) the film. I ____________ (see) it last week.2. —___________ he __________ (fini sh) his work yet? —Not yet.3. — __________ you __________ (be) to Hong Kong?—Yes, I ____________ (be) there twice.4. —___________ you ever ____________ (eat ) chocolate? —No, n ever.5. My father ___________ just ___________(come) back from work. He is tired now.6. —Where's Li Min g? —He __________ (go) to the teacher's office.7.I ___________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999.8. —How long ________ the Wangs ____________ (stay) here ? —For two weeks.三.句型转换(每空一词)1. I have been to Macau before.( 改为否定句)I ____________ bee n to Macau before.2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill.( 就划线部分提问)__________________ he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years.( 就戈U线部分提问)__________________________________________ learned En glish?4. I bought a new bike just now.( 用just 改写)I _____ just ___________ a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago.( 改为同义句)We __________ __________ English ____________ t hree years.四．填入has / have been 或has / have gone.1. Harry ：I saw you in Annabel's Restaurant last night.Diana ：No, it wasn't me. I __________ never __________ there.2. Sam：Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren't they? Where _______ they _________ ?Sue ：To Florida, again.Sam：How many times _______ t hey ___________ t here?Sue ：This is their third visit.3. Steve ：Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn ：She's out, I'm afraid. She ___________ to the cinema this evening.Steve ：Again? She _______ already _________ to the cinema three times this week.五、用for 或since 填空。