Answers
• Jun was smiling when he apologized to Peter, so Peter thought Jun didn’t realize his fault.
• Jun considered a smile before an apology may ease the tension and express his sincerity, kindness, humbleness.
religious service • in a clean place
Christian
eating habits: • fasting • have a pray before eating Taboo: • the number 13 taboo • the Friday taboo
Buddhism
Answers
• Different cultural concepts
• Religion
• Mr. L understands and respects Islambic culture. The organization not only know the local language, but also learn local people’s belief and other special customs.
Case 1 Interpreting a Smile
Questions
• Why was Peter angry with Jun Chen? • Why did Jun Chen apologize with the smile? • How did Peter understand the smile of Jun Chen?
istake
Case 2
The Chinese Company Adapting to the Islamic Culture and Custom
（一）全球伊斯兰教分布图
Muslim
•
（二）中国成年人宗教信仰情况
Questions
• What goes wrong during the business negotiation between Company H and its customer from Dubai?
• According to American custom, Peter felt Jun was unrespectful to him and insincere to the apology.
HC and LC in different country
Analysis
Chinese
High-context Indirect & implicit
• •
• •
normal
happy or excited kindness and warmness
sorry for the mistakes abnormal shows pity in something
eases the tension
Smiling
•
happy or excited
•
normal
Dietary restrictions: • Abstain from eating meat
and fish • Do not drink
Religious Beliefs
christian: European countries Islam: west Asia Buddhism: China, Japan,Thailand, Myanmar
Solution
In this kind of situation Jun should act as a Westerner
• keep his eye lowered when he was apologizing • look Peter in the eye and definitely not to smile • promising to correct the faults and to avoid making the same m
downwnese:
Keep close to each other to show their good relationships Do not applause for themselves Pat his belly to show he is full
Culture Conflicts in Behaviors
• concept
• case1 Interpreting a Smile
• case2 The Chinese Company Adapting to the Islamic Culture and Customs
Definition
different cultures, customs and religious belief
Solutions
• To do some market research in advance • To give a special training to employee • To know and respect local culture
Summary
• Know the difference between high-context countries and lowcontext countries
•
kindness and warmness
• American
• •
• •
abnormal
smirking, a sign of disrespect disrespect and impoliteness
Solution
• Learning more about the western customs • Adjusting his life style and customs • Dealing with problems in the American way
Nonverbal behaviors
Different ways of apologizing Different eating habits Different meanings of same gestures
The causes
culture customs characteristics living habits religious belief body language
Different Living Habits
America:
frank firm concept of time strong legeal concept
France：
usually late for appointment talktative and like make friends with good tallker French merchants usually change their minds when signning a
• Understand the importance of religion in the Middle East
American
Low-context Direct & explicit
Differences in Communication
In High-context
In Low-context
• Uses of emotional message
• Relies heavily on subtle nonverbal signs to maintain social harmony
drinking tea
Different Living Habits in North and South China
Eating habits
South China: rice, soup, sweet food Norhth China: flour, seldom eat soup, salty food, strong drinker
Custume taboo: • simplicity • artistry • neat and tidy
Taboos
Health habits: • cleanness is an important
part of faith
Religious service: • five times per day • no fixed location for
different thoughts or actions
conflicts
Types
Verbal behaviors
Different ways of greeting Different responds to praise The main part of considering issues
• Beginning with the important facts
• Using language primarily to express thoughts, feelings and ideas as directly as possible
Smiling
• • •
• Chinese
• • •
Character features
South China: exquisite, euphemistic North China:bold, frank,straightforward
Islam
Dietary restrictions: • do not eat pork • do not drink • do not eat blood