高中英语语法重点难点回顾ﻫ主谓一致常考难题:Five minutes is enoughto do this exercise.ﻫEach boy and each girl wants to servethe people in future.ﻫMore than one student has se en the film. ﻫMany a ship has been damaged in the storm.ﻫMore members than oneare against your plan.ﻫ一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式:glasses, clothes, trousers,shoes, compasse s, chopsticks, scissors等。
但如果主语用a kind of, apair of, a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。
A pair of shoes was on the desk.并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。
例如:Truthand honesty is the best policy.ﻫThe girl’steacher and fri end is a young doctor.To love and tobeloved is the great happiness.ﻫGoingto bede arlyand getting up earlyis a goodhabit.ﻫA knifeandf ork is onthetable.当主语后面跟有as wellas, asmuch as , no less than, alongwith, w ith,like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides,including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。
例如:The teacheras well as the students was excited.ﻫThe room with its furniture was rented.ﻫA (great)number of修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of,a largeamount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
例如:Those who want to go please sign your names here.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from thesun.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠1/2 one(a)half 1/4 one(a)quarter词。
ﻫ形容词的顺序:系动词be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,t aste,sound,turn,remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料ﻫThose three beautiful large squ are old brown woodtableﻫ某些以a-开首的形容词例如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。
某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly,lively, lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly, timely等。
ﻫ1)close接近地 closely仔细地,密切地ﻫ2)free免费地freely自由地,无拘束地3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不4)late 晚,迟lately 近来ﻫ5)most 极,非常mostly主要地ﻫ6)wide广阔地,充分地 widely广泛地ﻫ7)high高 highly高度地,非常地8)deep深,迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”9)loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)10)near邻近nearly几乎ﻫbad/ill,badly worse worst little less leastﻫ表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示:This room is lessbeautiful than thatone.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far, yet, by far等修饰:He works even harder than before.ﻫ注意:byfar 通常用于强调最高级。
用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。
ﻫHe is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller ofthe two brothers.某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。
superior,junior,senior 等。
ﻫHe is superior toMr Wangin mathematics.ﻫ在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。
that指物,one既可指人,也可指物。
that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。
例如:The book on the tableis more interesting than that on the des k.ﻫA box made of ironis stronger than one made of wood.ﻫ表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc)ofB.ﻫThenew building is four times the size (the height) of the old on e.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。
[高三倍]ﻫA is three (four,etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.Asia is four times as large asEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
ﻫA is three(four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.例如:Your school is three times bigger thanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
ﻫ表示两倍可以用 twice或double。
ﻫ表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。
ﻫ如果复数名词前有many、few,不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时,该用so而不用such。
如:ﻫI’ve had so many falls that I’mblack andblue allover.Mr White gotso little money a month that he could hardly keepbody and soul together.但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。
如:They are suchlittle children that the they cannotclean the house bythemselves.6)almost与nearlyﻫ在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。
例如:ﻫI’m not nearly ready.在any, no,none, never前用almost,不用nearly。
例如:I almostneversee her.need 表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。
在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。
例如:ﻫYou needn’t come so early. ﻫNeed I finish the work today? --Yes,you must.ﻫ注意:needn’thave done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。
例如:You needn’thave waited for me.“should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。
ﻫYou should have start ed earlier.ﻫ“ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
You ought to have helped him (but you didn’t)书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
ﻫ表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have, be, hear, see,like等词一般不用进行时。
ﻫ有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。
常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词sell,wash,write,r ead,clean,cook等。
例如:ﻫThe cloth washes well.这布很经洗。
The new product sellswell.这新产品很畅销。
ﻫThe pen writeswell.这支笔很好写。
在动词arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如:ﻫWe suggested that we (should)have a meeting.ﻫWe insisted t hat they (should)go with us.The doctor ordered thatshe (should) stay in bed for a few days. He demanded that we (should) start right away.ﻫ作advice,idea,order,d emand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”。