当前位置:文档之家› 数学物理方法第八章作业答案

数学物理方法第八章作业答案

P 175 8.1在0x =的邻区域内,求解下列方程: (1) 2(1)0x y''xy'y -+-= 解:依题意将方程化为标准形式2210(1)(1)x y''y'y x x +-=--2()(1)x p x x =-,21()(1)q x x =--可见0x =是方程的常点.设方程的级数解为0()nn n y x c x∞==∑,则11()n n n y'x nc x∞-==∑,22()(1)n n n y''x n n c x∞-==-∑代入原方程得222122102221(1)(1)0(1)(1)0n n n nn n n n n n n n n nnnn n n n n n n n n n c xxn n c xx nc xc xn n c xn n c xnc xc x∞∞∞∞---====∞∞∞∞-====---+-=⇒---+-=∑∑∑∑∑∑∑∑由0x 项的系数为0有:202012102c c c c ⋅-=⇒=由1x 项的系数为0有:311313200 (0)c c c c c ⋅+-=⇒=≠ 由2x 项的系数为0有:4222420114321201224c c c c c c c ⋅-⋅+-=⇒==由3x 项的系数为0有:533355432300c c c c c ⋅-⋅+-=⇒= 由4x 项的系数为0有:6444640316543401080c c c c c c c ⋅-⋅+-=⇒==由5x 项的系数为0有:755577654500c c c c c ⋅-⋅+-=⇒= 由6x 项的系数为0有:866686025587656056896c c c c c c c ⋅-⋅+-=⇒==……∴ 方程的级数解为246801000001115()22480896nn n y x c xc c x c x c x c x c x ∞===++++++⋅⋅⋅∑(2) 22(1)0x y''xy'n y --+=解:依题意将方程化为标准形式2220(1)(1)x ny''y'+y x x -=--2()(1)x p x x =--,22()(1)nq x x =-可见0x =是方程的常点.设方程的级数解为0()kk k y x c x∞==∑,则11()k k k y'x kc x∞-==∑,22()(1)k k k y''x k k c x∞-==-∑代入原方程得22212221022221(1)(1)0(1)(1)0k k k kk k k k k k k k k kkkk k k k k k k k k k c xxk k c xx kc xnc xk k c xk k c x kc x n c x ∞∞∞∞---====∞∞∞∞-====----+=⇒----+=∑∑∑∑∑∑∑∑由0x 项的系数为0有:22202021021nc n c c c ⋅+=⇒=-⋅由1x 项的系数为0有:2231131(1)320321n c c n c c c -⋅-+=⇒=-⋅⋅由2x 项的系数为0有:22224222420(4)(4)432120124321n n n c c c n c c c c --⋅-⋅-+=⇒=-=⋅⋅⋅由3x 项的系数为0有:22225333531(9)(1)(9)5432302054321n n n c c c n c c c c ---⋅-⋅-+=⇒=-=⋅⋅⋅⋅由4x 项的系数为0有:222226444640(16)(4)(16)65434030654321n n n n c c c n c c c c ---⋅-⋅-+=⇒=-=-⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅由5x 项的系数为0有:222227555751(25)(1)(9)(25)765450427654321n n n n c c c n c c c c ----⋅-⋅--=⇒=-=-⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅由6x 项的系数为0有:2222228666860(36)(4)(16)(36)8765605687654321n n n n n c c c n c c c c ----⋅-⋅-+=⇒=-=⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅……∴ 方程的级数解为2222222345010101022222222226701(1)(4)(1)(9)()21321432154321(4)(16)(1)(9)(25)(4)(16)(36)654321765432187654321kk k nn n n n n y x c xc c x c x c x c x c xn n n n n n n n n n c x c x c ∞=----==+--++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅----------+⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅∑80x +⋅⋅⋅222222012222222111(2)[(22)]{1(1)}(2)!(1)(3)[(21)]{(1)}(21)!kkk kk k n n n k c xk n n n n k c x x k ∞=∞+=-⋅⋅⋅--=+---⋅⋅⋅--++-+∑∑8.3在0x =的邻区域内求解方程: (1) 222(1)0x y''xy'x y -+-=解:依题意将方程化为标准形式221(1)022x y''y'+y xx--=1()2p x x=-,22(1)()2x q x x-=可见0x =是方程的正则奇点.设方程的级数解为0()n sn n y x c x∞+==∑,则1()()n s n n y'x n s c x∞+-==+∑,2()()(1)n s n n y''x n s n s c x∞+-==++-∑代入原方程得221200002002()(1)()02()(1)()0n s n s n sn sn n n n n n n n n sn sn sn s n n n n n n n n xn s n s c xx n s c xc xxc xn s n s c xn s c xc xc x∞∞∞∞+-+-++====∞∞∞∞+++++====++--++-=⇒++--++-=∑∑∑∑∑∑∑∑由sx 项的系数为0有:0002(1)0s s c sc c --+= (指标方程) 因00c ≠,解得11s s ==或212s s ==取11s s == 1s x +(即2x )项的系数为0有:111112(1)(1)0300s sc s c c c c +-++=⇒=⇒= 2s x+(即3x )项的系数为0有:2220202012(2)(1)(2)01025s s c s c c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒=⋅3s x+(即4x )项的系数为0有:33313132(3)(2)(3)02100s s c s c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒=4s x+(即5x )项的系数为0有:444242420112(4)(3)(4)0360362459s s c s c c c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅⋅5s x+(即6x )项的系数为0有:55535352(5)(4)(5)05500s s c s c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒=6s x+(即7x )项的系数为0有:666464640112(6)(5)(6)0780782456913s s c s c c c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅7s x+(即8x )项的系数为0有:77737372(7)(6)(7)010500s s c s c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒=……∴ 方程的一个特解 (11s s ==)为13571000002460111()2524592456913111(1)2524592456913n n n y x c xc x c x c x c x c x x x x ∞+===++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅∑取212s s ==1s x +(即32x )项的系数为0有:11112(1)(1)00s sc s c c c +-++=⇒=2s x+(即52x )项的系数为0有:2220202012(2)(1)(2)06023s s c s c c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒=⋅3s x+(即72x )项的系数为0有:33313132(3)(2)(3)01500s s c s c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒=4s x+(即92x )项的系数为0有:444242420112(4)(3)(4)028*******s s c s c c c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅⋅5s x+(即112x)项的系数为0有:55535352(5)(4)(5)04500s s c s c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒=6s x+(即132x)项的系数为0有:666464640112(6)(5)(6)0660662346711s s c s c c c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅7s x+(即152x)项的系数为0有:77737372(7)(6)(7)09100s s c s c c c c c c ++-++-=⇒-=⇒=……∴ 方程的另一个特解 (212s s ==)为11591322222200000124620111()2323472346711111(1)2323472346711n n n y x c xc x c x c x c xc x x x x ∞+===++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅∑∴ 原方程的级数解为2461201246202461124622111()()()(1)2524592456913111(1)2323472346711111(1)2524592456913111(12323472346711y x A y x B y x A c x x x x B c x x x x C x x x x C x x x x =+=++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅+++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅+++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅)⋅⋅⋅(2) 42(1)0xy''x y'y +--= 解:依题意将方程化为标准形式(1)1024x y''+y'y xx--=(1)()2x p x x-=,1()4q x x=-可见0x =是方程的正则奇点.设方程的级数解为0()n sn n y x c x∞+==∑,则1()()n s n n y'x n s c x∞+-==+∑,2()()(1)n s n n y''x n s n s c x∞+-==++-∑代入原方程得2110000114()(1)2()2()04()(1)2()2()0n s n s n s n sn n n n n n n n n s n s n sn sn n n n n n n n x n s n s c xn s c xx n s c xc xn s n s c xn s c xn s c xc x∞∞∞∞+-+-+-+====∞∞∞∞+-+-++====++-++-+-==++-++-+-=∑∑∑∑∑∑∑∑由1s x-项的系数为0有:0004(1)20(21)0s s c sc s s c -+=⇒-= (指标方程)因00c ≠,解得112s s ==或20s s ==取112s s ==1sx (即12x )项的系数为0有:11111100101014(1)2(1)206203s s c s c s c c c c c c +++--=⇒-=⇒=11s x+(即32x )项的系数为0有:1121211121210114(2)(1)2(2)2(1)02040553s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒-=⇒==⋅12s x+(即52x )项的系数为0有:11313122323204(3)(2)2(3)2(2)04260117753s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅ 13s x+(即72x )项的系数为0有:11414133434304(4)(3)2(4)2(3)0728********s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅⋅ 14s x+(即92x )项的系数为0有:11515144545404(5)(4)2(5)2(4)01101001111119753s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅⋅⋅ 15s x+(即112x)项的系数为0有:11616155656504(6)(5)2(6)2(5)01312120111313119753s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒⋅-=⇒==⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ ……∴ 方程的一个特解(112s s ==)为1135792222221000000111322001111()35375397531111975313119753n n sn n n n y x c xc xc x c x c x c x c x c xc x∞∞++=====++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅∑∑1234562023456111111(1)353753975311975313119753111111)3!!5!!7!!9!!11!!13!!c x x x x x x x c x x x x x x =++++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅=++++++⋅⋅⋅取20s s ==2s x(即0x )项的系数为0有:22121200101014(1)2(1)20202s s c s c s c c c c c c +++--=⇒-=⇒=21s x+(即1x )项的系数为0有:22222211212104(2)(1)2(2)2(1)0123011442s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒-=⇒==⋅ 22s x+(即2x )项的系数为0有:22323222323204(3)(2)2(3)2(2)03050116642s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅ 23s x +(即3x )项的系数为0有:22424233434304(4)(3)2(4)2(3)056701188642s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅⋅ 24s x+(即4x )项的系数为0有:22525244545404(5)(4)2(5)2(4)090901110108642s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒-=⇒==⋅⋅⋅⋅ 25s x+(即5x )项的系数为0有:22626255656504(6)(5)2(6)2(5)0132110111212108642s s c s c s c c c c c c c ++++-+-=⇒+=⇒==⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ ……∴ 方程的另一个特解 (20s s ==)为2234200000056001111()24264286421110864212108642n s nn n n n y x c xc xc c x c x c x c x c x c x ∞∞+=====++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅∑∑23456023456111111(1)222!23!24!25!26!c x x x x x x =++++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅∴ 原方程的级数解为234561223456023456111111()()())3!!5!!7!!9!!11!!13!!111111(1)222!23!24!25!26!y x Ay x By x Ac x x x x x x Bc x x x x x x =+=++++++⋅⋅⋅+++++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅2345612345623456111111(1)3!!5!!7!!9!!11!!13!!111111)222!23!24!25!26!C x x x x x x C x x x x x x =++++++⋅⋅⋅+++++++⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅。

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