1. scientist science scientific2. know about 了解know of 听说过3. find/ find out/ discover/ invent4. explain sth. to sb5. be characteristic of sb/ sth6. pass sth from…从…处传来, 传下pass by 路过, 经过…pass down 把…传下去pass on 传递, 传授7. the way of doing sth = the way to do做某事的方法8. put forward 提出建议，推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨9. by the way 顺便说by way of …通过…的方法lose one’s way 迷路no way 没门，别想feel one’s way 摸索着走谨慎从事on one’s way to…在去……的路上in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法10. put away 抛弃;舍弃put down 写下来; 记入名单put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加put off 耽误; 延期put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭(火)put up 建立; 建造put up with…忍受…11. arrive at / come to / draw /reach a conclusion12. win / beat /defeatwin “赢得, 获胜”, 后接奖品, 奖金, 名誉, 财产beat “击败, 战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人defeat “击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人, (此用法同beat), 疾病等。
expert at/in sth 某方面的专家14. attend 注意；照看，照顾；参加attendance n. 照顾, 出席attend school 上学attend a lecture 听讲座attend a wedding 出席婚礼15. attend to处理, 办理I have some important things to attend to.照顾, 照料; Are you being attended to 先生, 有人接待你吗专心, 注意If you don’t attend to the teacher, you’ll never learn anything.16. expose A to B 使A 暴露于BA be exposed toB A 暴露于B17. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.)deadly adj. 致命的18. deadly adv.(1)very 极度; 非常; 十分deadly serious 十分认真(2)like death 死一般地deadly pale 死一般苍白19. every time 每当每次（连词连接句子）注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与every time一样, 都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“一…..就”。
20. absorb…..into 吸收，理解接受，吞并be absorbed in …被…吸引; 专心于; 全神贯注于某事21. suggest doing sth 建议做某事suggest that 建议should + V暗示该使用什么时态用什么22. severe 严厉的; 苛刻的; 严格的.剧痛的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 难熬的be severe with/on sth 对……严格。
23. be to blame 应该受到责备blame sb for sth 因……责备某人blame sth on sb 把sth 归咎于某人24. look into 向里看；调查，了解25. suspect sth 怀疑某事suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事suspect that 从句26. look on 观看, 面向, 旁观, 看待look out 面朝, 留神, 照料look over 从上面看, 察看, 检查look around 环顾, 观光, 察看look through 看穿, 审核, 浏览, 温习look up and down 仔细打量, 到处寻找look after 寻求, 照顾, 关心27. at ease 舒适快活自由自在ease off 减轻痛苦，紧张状态，缓和，放松。
28. connect …with与…相联系，关系（抽象）connect ……to 与……相连接29. come to an end 结束，终结，终止30. handle n. 柄, 把手V. A. 操作; 运用 B. 经销; 买卖 C. 管理 D. 对待 E. 应付 F. 控制; 管理31. link A to B 把…与…连接; 联系be linked to 连接link n. 联系, 关系29. announceannounce sth. (to sb.)announce that + 从句It is / was announced that + 从句据宣传announcement Nmake an announcement 下通知30. instruct instruction31. cure sb of sth 治好了某人的病cure for sth 治疗……的方法32. have sb do sth= get sb to do sth让某人做某事have sb doing sth = get sb doing sth让某人一直做某事have sth done = get sth done 叫别人做某事33. make money 挣钱make one’s way to一路前进, 向前make sure 确保make friends 交朋友make the bed 铺床make room for 为……腾出空位、空间make up one’s mind 下决心决定make an appointment 约会make a gossip 闲言碎语make an apology 道歉make a contest 竞争make a choice选择34. be strict with sb. in （doing）sth.35. prevent/stop/keep…from doing sth阻止某人做某事absorbed in 专心致志determined to do决定做某事38. so…that…如此……以至于39. die of / from 死于40. attend to/take care of/ look aftersb of one’s disease/illness42. put forward 提出sense 讲得通，有意义linked to 和……有联系exposed to 暴露于46. look into 调查，向里看addition to 另外（led, led) to 导致，通向up 开始从事，继续，占据，接纳，吸收50. be to blame for 因……应当受到责备from/except for/besides/other than/but/except 除……之外52. take in 收留，包括take on 雇佣，呈现，露出，承担take over 接任，接管，接收take off 脱掉衣物，飞机起飞，成功。
take back 撤销，同意收回，回忆昔日53. work on 从事；继续工作；致力于…54. be enthusiastic about 对某事充满热情的复合宾语结构独立复合结构(1)With + n./pron. + 介词短语He sat there with a smile on his face. (2) With + n./pron. + 副词With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room.(3) With + n./pron. + 不定式With so much work to do, he could not go home.(4) With + n./pron. + 现在分词The street was quiet with no buses running.(5) With + n./pron. + 过去分词In came a man with his hands tied back.(6) With + n./pron. + 形容词He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest.cautious about/of sb对……小心谨慎的57. base sth on 把……建立在……be based on 基于58. can never……too 再……也不为过59. would have doneshould have doneneedn’t have doneought to have done60. only + 介词短语/副词/状语从句放在句首，要使用部分倒装前不倒后倒only then did he realize that he made mistakes.only at home can I have a good sleep.1 know about 了解be known as 作……而出名be known for 因……而着名as far as one knows据某人所知2 divide ……into 把……分成separate….from3 consist of 由……组成不用被动，进行= be made up ofconsist in 存在于4. take the place of = replace 代替=take sb’s place 代替某人take place 发生, 举行in place of =instead of 代替5. arrange v. (for连用) 安排, 筹备, 布置arrangement n. 筹备, 安排arrange to do sth. 安排做某事, 预定arrange for 安排, 准备arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人去做某事6. fold v.& n. 折叠, 弯曲, 合起来folder 纸夹foldaway a. 可折叠的unfold 打开(反义词)fold back 折叠起来; 折回去fold up 失败; 倒闭7. clarify one’s stand/ position 阐明某人的立场clarify matters 澄清真相8. puzzle over 苦思be in a puzzle about 对……不解人puzzled物puzzling9. be in/ come into conflict with 与…冲突/ 矛盾unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事11. break away from 摆脱，脱离…break down 坏（抛锚, 出故障, 身体跨了）break into 闯入,break out (war/fire/disease) 爆发break off 中断break the rules 违反规则break the records 打破记录12. to one’s credit 值得赞扬13. for one’s convenience= for the convenience of sb 为了方便某人at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候It is convenient to sb. 在sb方便的时候It is convenient for sb. to do sth sb方便做sth14. attract sb. 吸引某人attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力15. work together 合作work out 算出work on 从事，继续工作；致力于around 参观，四处看17. It is worthwhile to do sth. 值得做某事It is worthwhile doing sthbe worthy to be donebe worthy of being donebe worth n/pron /doingbook is worth reading.The book is worthy to be read/ of being read. It is worthwhile to read the book.18. leave out 遗漏, 漏掉leave A for B 离开A去Bleave alone 不管; 撇下…一个人leave aside 搁置leave behind 遗忘, 遗留leave+宾语+宾补(adj/v-ing/v-ed ) 使.. 19. sb. be familiar with sthsth be familar to sb 熟悉某物20. whisper to sb 悄悄说21. pick up 捡22. make a list of 列…清单23. delightn. to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是…vt. delight sbadj delighted be ~ ed at sth, be delighted to do sth物delighting1. impression n (c)give sb. a good impression给某人以好印象make/have/leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象impress vt.使…印象深刻主语impress sb with sth主语impress sth on sb 给某人留下印象sb be impressed by sthsth impress sbimpressive adj. 印象深刻的The girl impressed her friends with her beauty.2. He took up his book and hurried out. 拿起He took up challenge with courage 接受He decided to take up photograph as his career 开始从事I’m going to take this matter up with my lawyer. 着手处理It takes up too much room.占据(时间或空间）take off 脱下；起飞take in 接纳, 吸收; 领会, 理解; 欺骗take on 呈现出；雇佣take over 接管take it easy! 别着急take your time 慢慢来take advantage of 利用3. previous to 在…之前4. be surrounded by/ with 被…包围5. tolerate/ bear/ stand/ put up with 忍受vt.tolerance n. tolerant adj6. lack v. be lacking in/ lack sth.n. （be）lack of sth. for lack of sth 缺乏He lacks courage = He is lacking in courage The plants died for lack of water7. adjustment n –adjust v. 调整adjust to8. press v ~ sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事~ one’s way to…挤n. the press 新闻界9. lose sight of/ out of sight …看不见catch sight of / in sight …看见at the sight of 一看（连词作用）10. sweep up 扫除, 打扫11. switch off=turn off 关掉(电灯或电器)switch on=turn on 打开switch from A to B 由A转变为B into 溜进（悄声地）13. Speed up 加速at a speed of …以…速度14. the instant 一…就…( conj作用）for an instant 一瞬间15. be overcome by ( anger,grief)被（感情）压倒sb of sth 使某人想起某事Vt. remind sb to do sth 提醒remind sb that…使想起17. as a result + 结果（句子）as a result of + 原因（n/ 短语）由于…result in 导致result from 由…引起His carelessness resulted in failure.As a result of the rain, we can’t go ou t.18. suffer from 遭受…患(病)19. be similar to 与…相似20. Keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止stop/ prevent sb. ( from ) doing sth protect sb. from sth/ doing sth. 保护某人免受…伤害21. be well-known for/ as 因…而闻名/ 作为…而闻名22. sth be difficult to do ( hard,easy,important, necessary)23. follow sb to do sth 跟着某人做某事24. in no time 立刻at one time 曾经in time 及时at times 有时on time 按时at a time一次at all times 一直from time to time 不时的25. in all directions= in every direction四面八方in the direction of …在…方向under the direction of sb 在某人的指导下26. show sb in/ into 领某人进入show sb. out / around领某人出去/ 四处看看show sb. sth. = show sth to sb 向某人展示show off 炫耀show up 出现show sb. the way 指路show sb what/ how / where to do 教sb …show that从句sb with sth= provide sth for…提供fast sleep 熟睡consider sb to have done认为某人做了某事31. in space 在空间中32. up- to -date 最新的，日益更新的，of sth / sth be disposed of 处理into 转化成at 盯着36. happen to + n. 发生happen to do sth. 碰巧做（无进行时）it happens/ happened that 碰巧37. program sb to do sth 安排某人做某事38. perform tasks/ work 履行职责/ 任务….in / be involved in 牵涉/ photo (s)take ~s of sb 给某人照相3. submit sth. to sb. 向某人递交（文件）submit (that) 主张submit to sb/ sth 屈服于4. be eager (for sb.) to do sth 渴望做某事be eager for / about sth.be eager thatbe anxious for /about sth. 担心, 忧虑be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事5. concentrate (one’s attention, mind, efforts, thoughts) on (doing) sth.全神贯注, 致力于……6. inform sb of/ about sth 通知某人某事inform sb (that)7. in the meanwhile/ meantime 与此同时, 在此期间on 依靠，依赖；取决于It all depends 视情况而定9. in that case 如果那in any case 不管怎样in no case 绝不, 放句首倒装in case（of）以防万一as is often the case with…对…是常有的事Take your umbrella in case it rains.sb. of sth. 指控某人某事charge sb. with sth. 指控blame sb. for sth. 责备ask/ cure/ rob / warn /remind sb. of sth.as ( not) to = in order ( not ) to 为了( 不）做11. deny doing sth. 拒接做某事12. be skeptical about/ of sth. 怀疑某事13. be in a dilemma 处于进退两难的境地14. be gifted in sth/ doing sthhave a gift for sth 在某方面有天赋15. approve of sb/ sth. 赞成，认可approve sth. 批准16. process a film / photos 冲洗胶卷/照片in (the) process of…在…过程中17. make an appointment with sb.与某人约会18. occupy vt 占有；从事，忙于occupy oneself in (doing) sth 忙于做某事occupation n.占有；工作；by ~/ profession 工作是19. suppose vt 假设（虚拟语气）;认为;料想,推断suppose you were a journalist.be supposed to do sth. 本应该做某事be not supposed to do 表示不允许20. sb. be offered a job 提供给某人工作offer sb. sth(sb.) in doing sth.assist sb in/ with sth. 帮助, 协助(help) 22.表示将来的五种句型shall do 2. be going to do3. be doing4. be to do5. be about to do 23. go out on a story 出去做新闻24. cover vt.(1) 铺, 覆盖;包括, 涉及He covered the table with a piece of cloth. His research covered a wide field.(2) 占有(时间,面积)The city covers ten square miles.(3) 走完, 走过They covered 20 miles a day.(4) 看完(多少页书)I have covered 200 pages now.(5)支付(开支)The firm barely covers its costs25. take sth. with sb. 随身带着某物26. find+ n. + adj.+ to do sth. 发现做某事很….you will find your colleagues very eager to assist you.27. have a nose for sth. 对…很敏感探查发现某事物的能力28. keep sth. in mind = remember29. meet /miss a deadline 如期/ 超过期限30. take notes 做笔记31. a trick of the trade 行业诀窍32. case, situation, position, condition, stage, point 等抽象地点n.做先行词时,其后的定语从句用where引导, 相当于in which 33. get the wrong end of the stick 得出错误结论34. This is how the story goes. 这就是事情的发展35. tell the truth / tell a lie 说实话/ 说谎36. look forward to sth./ doing sth. 期盼做某事37. set to work = settle down to work 开始工作settle down to sth/ doing sth. 着手做某事set about doingset out to do sth 开始做某事38. pass sth （on）to sb 把…传给某人pass sth down to sb 把…传给下一代39. above all 最重要after all 毕竟, 终究first of all 首先last of all 最后in all 总计;40. concentrate on (doing) sth专心做某事concentrate one’s attention on 把注意力集中于……上41. update a law 修订法律update sb on sth 向某人提供最新的信息42. so as (not) to= in order (not) to （不）为了做……43. be guilty of …犯……最be guilty for/about sth 对sth感到内疚44. be in a dilemma 陷入进退两难的困境put sb into a dilemma 使某人处于进退两难的境地( 用法同help)do/ give/ offer (some )first aid 进行急救2. fall ill/ sleep/ awake/ silent fall+ adj.3. do an injury to sb. = do sb. an injury 伤害某人an injury to + 身体部位（arm/leg…) （胳膊/ 手/ 腿）…的伤get injured/ wounded/ infected 受伤/感染get+adj.4. bleed to death 流血致死bleed-bled-bled5. be essential for/ to sb. 对某人是必要的It is essential for sb. to do sth. 做某事是必要的It is essential that…(should)+v原形虚拟语气essentials 必需品out 挤出and over again 反复place 适当，合适的位置out of place 不合适take place 发生take ons’s place=take the place of sb.=in place of 取代on/ without ceremony 拘泥于礼节/ 不拘小节10. A number of students are sleeping.The number of sleeping students is 60.11. put one’s hands on = findsth to sth. 把某物涂/ 应用到…上apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物apply to sth 适用于apply pressure to…用力摁，压13. make a/some/no difference 有一些/没有什么区别14. save 拯救（life）；节约（money）save up 储蓄save（on）sth 节约possible/ necessary如果可能/ 必要的话16. act as 作为17. be / get/ stand close to 靠近18. a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的19. affect sth. 影响v be affected by effcct n. have an effect on sth. 对…有影响20. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 花费…sb. spend sometime on sth. /(in) doing sth. sth. cost sb. sometime / moneysb. pay money for sth.21. jewellery n. 珠宝的总称(不可数) jewel n. 珠宝, 首饰(可数)22. stick-stuck- stuck 粘；刺stick to 粘住；坚持stick A on B 贴上stick in 刺入，扎入be stuck / trapped/ caught in 陷入…中23. a basin of water 一盆水down 撞到~ over 撞翻25. honor v. 给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号)/ n. 荣誉,尊敬honor sb. (with sth) /(for sth)be honored for…因…而受到尊敬be honored with sth. 给…以示荣誉be/feel honored to do / that 很荣幸能做…show honour to …向…表示敬意in honor of 纪念( 表示敬意）26. present n. 现在，目前；礼物at present = at the present timeadj. 现在的；出席的，到场的the ~ situation 当前形势be ~ at 出席vt. 赠送；呈交；介绍；陈述present sb. with sth.= ~ sth. to sb. 交present sb. to sb. 介绍27. 躺lay- lain - lying;lie 说谎lied - lied - lying;lay安放；下蛋laid- laid- laying; 27. be proud of = take proud in 以…为自豪is no need/ doubt that….29.强调句一It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that/ who＋其它”强调人用who,人/物用that。