The frame notion:different conceptions and related concepts
The similarities between two approaches :the figure and ground approach & the frame and attention approach
From frames to scripts:flying on a plane
Attention: the two occurrences of the definite article the.
Question: Why so the two uses of the definite article sound completely nautral, although they cannot be explained with the rules of grammar alone?
A (buyer) Mary
C (money) 500 dollors
D (seller) John
Frame and perspective
The assignment of syntactic roles is governed by the choice of the verb buy, which is the syntactic perspective.
The frame notion:different conceptions and related concepts
Examples:
5.David spent ten pounds on an old shirt.
6.The old shirt cost David ten pounds.
The frame notion:different conceptions and related concepts
Explaination:We need to make inferences that are based on our world knowledge to understand the definite references.
From frames to scripts:flying on a plane
Categories is to provide “default assignments” by supplying context-dependent prototypes.
From frames to scripts:flying on a plane
The notion of perspective relies on the principle of prominence, that is on figure/ground segregation.
The [BUY] frame is not just a useful tool for the syntactic description of the verb buy, but it can also be applied to the verbs sell, charge and pay.
框架这一概念由 Charles Fillmore于20世纪 70年代中期引入的语言学，它的基础是“商 务事件”框架。
An example of BUY
A
D
The Frame of BUY
Mary bought some books from John for 500 dollors . some books B (goods)
5.4 Construction Grammar 构式语法
5.1 Frame and Scripts
The notion of frame was introduced into linguistics by Charles Fillmore in the middle of the 1970s based on his by now classic example, the "commercial event " frame.
This is a first sign that the frame approach goes beyond the figure and ground approach in that it pays more attention to the less prominent parts of sentences like adverbials.
Cognitive categories act both as anchors and as triggers for frames.
Frame is in the format of categories and their interrelations that frames are designed and it is by the same categories that they are activated.
From frames to scripts:flying on a plane
The relevence of frames extends over the boundaries of single sentences to much larger linguistic and congnitive units.
The frame notion:different conceptions and n of frame
any system of linguistic choices
collections of words
choices of grammatical rules or linguistic categries
The following little story: Sue caught a plane from London to Madrid. After she had found her seat she checked whether the life vest was beneath it, but she could not find it. So she asked the flight attendant to find one for her.
The frame notion:different conceptions and related concepts
The differences between the two approaches: (1)Researches working in the frame paradigm are interested in problems related to the meaning of the verbs that belong to a frame. (2)The frame approach presents a unified view of syntactic patterns, (3) the figure and ground approach mainly emphasizes the two prominent entities on the level of clause in the syntactic figure and the syntactic ground; however, the frame has something to say about linguistic items that attract only a small portion of our attention potential.
Every sentence evokes a certain cognitive perspective on a situation by the choice of the verb and the particular syntactic pattern that it governs.
The basis for perspective is mainly provided by the cognitive ability of directing one's attention.
(4) David paid ten pounds to John for an old shirt.
Frame and perspective
The two verbs buy and pay describe the comercial event from the BUYER's perspective, while sell and charge perspectivize the situation from the SELLER's point of view.
第五章 框架及构式 Chapter 5 Frame and Constructions
Contents
5.1 Frame and Scripts 框架与脚本
5.2 Event-frame and the windowing of attention 事件框架和开启注意力视窗
5.3 Language-specific framing and its use in narrative texts 特定语言框架及其在叙述文本中的使用
They rely on Fillmore's early Case Grammer,and share the belief that clause patterns cannot be seen in isolation but against their cognitive background
Frames can be conceived as a way of describing the cognitive context which provides the background for and is associated with cognitive categories.