2019年上海市黄浦区格致中学高考英语二模试卷1. A Venturing PilotCharles Lindberg born in December Michigan was raised on a farm in Minnesota，where his father（1）______（elect）to the U．S．Congress in 1907．From then on，he spent his boyhood alternatively in Washington D．C．，and Little Falls，Minnesota．（2）______ Lindbergh exhibited exceptional mechanical talent，in 1921，he was admitted to the University of Wisconsin to study engineering．（3）______（seek）more challenges，he left university before graduation and became a pilot，who performed exciting flight show at country fairs and public assemblies．This unusual and dangerous undertaking paid off so greatly in the sense that it allowed him to gain all-round experience inflying．He was particularly delighted in（4）______ he called "wing-walking" andparachute jumping．（5）______（train）in air service for a year，Lindberg completed his program at the Brooks and Kelly airfields at the top of his class．He was offered a job in RobertsonAircraft Corporation of St．Louis in Missouri where he retained his job （6）______ 1927，running the routes between St．Louis and Chicago．During this period，he set out to win the Raymond B，Orteig prize of $25，000 to be awarded to the first pilot （7）______（fly）nonstop from New York to Paris．He knew this ambitious flight（8）______（change）his life．On board the greatest adventure of his time，Lindberg left Roosevelt Airport at 5：52 a．m．on May 20，1927 and landed at Le Bourget Field at 5：24 p．m．the next day．Fearing that he would be unknown when he arrived，Lindberg carried letters of introduction to the officials in Paris，but when his plane came to a stop，he found himself （9）______（crowd）with welcoming people．He was decorated in France，Great Britain，and Belgium．President Coolidge sent a specially designated cruiser，the Memphis to bring him back．His accomplishments in flying brought（10）______ more medals and awards that had ever been received than any other person in private life．Is Boasting Good or Bad Business？Sweden is one of the most creative countries in the world，yet has a culture that warns against boasting about its success in public．And is this (1) manner a help or an obstacle when it comes to start-up？From household names such as Spotify and Skype，to gaming leaders King and Mojang，Sweden is a land of (2) for industrial changes and new products．Despite just 10 million(3) occupying a land mass largely defined by forest wildness，the nation has in recentyears created billion-dollar companies per head than everywhere else outside SiliconValley．The more familiar narrative for Sweden's start-up success story typically includes thefollowing factors．It has strong digital facilities，a highly educated，tech-experienced workforce，and an ideal population size for testing innovations．And for those whose ideas are not in line，there is a strong social welfare (4) to set them back on their feet．While Ingvar Kamprad，founder of Ikea，has emphasized his being modest andeconomical in his attitude，research is always at the heart of Ikea's (5) ．These firm-held cultural features have (6) the attention worldwide．Local and global observers areadmiring their constant role in promoting Sweden's lively economy．"Trying to keep boasting to a (7) and finding a common ground so that everybody is on the same page" remain to be two of the most spreading practice in the Swedish workforce，says Lola Akinmade Akerstrom，a cultural commentator，who (8) this in her recent book Lagorm：The Swedish Secret of Living Well．Rather than focus on a rock star's or a CEO's "killing it" ，in Swedish business ："It's about everybody getting together，making sure their voices are heard (9) ，so that they can all reach a most desirable solution together，" she says．This culture has its roots in what Swedes call "Jantelagen"，which describes a century-old tradition that discourages unnecessary (10) of wealth or success．In other words，nobody should consider themselves better than anyone else．The novelist's medium is the written word．One might almost say the(3)world．Typically the novel is consumed by a silent，individual reader，who may be anywhere at the time．Thepaperback novel is still the cheapest，most portable and adaptable form of (4) entertainment．It is limited to a single channel of information-(5)．The narrative can go，effortlessly，anywhere，into space，people's head，palaces，prisons and pyramids without any consideration of cost or practical possibility．In determining the shape and content of his narrative，the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria （标准）．The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience．He may be advised by his editor to revise his (6)，but if the writer refused to meet this condition，no one would be surprised．It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript and expect the publisher to print it(7)as written．However，not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit （提交）a script and expect it to be(8) without any rewriting．This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative，using more than one channel of (9)．The production of a stage play involves，as well as the(10)of the author，the physical presence of the actors，their voices and gestures，the "set" and possibly music．Although the script play is the essential part of both play and film，it is a(11) for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and other creative people involved．They're given "approval" of the choice of a director and actors and have the right to attend(12)，during which period they may undertake more(13) work．In the case of screenplay，the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work．Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of(14) in this respect．In film or television work，on the other hand，the screenplay has no(15) rights to this degree of consultation．While the script is going through its various(16)，the writer is in the driver's seat，although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director．But once the production is under way，artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director．This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama，who tend to give all the(17) or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors，ignoring the contribution，for good and ill of the director．2. A. old-fashioned B. fixed C. presented D. printed3. A. social B. narrative C. favorite D. easy4. A. sourcing B. surfing C. writing D. receiving5. A. text B. publication C. ambition D. attitude6. A. simply B. eventually C. freely D. exactly7. A. performed B. approved C. covered D. continued8. A. information B. approach C. setting D. communication9. A. fame B. words C. presence D. rights10. A. basis B. reference C. plan D. rule11. A. assemblies B. performances C. rehearsals D. negotiations12. A. recording B. evolving C. bargaining D. training13. A. actors B. directors C. audiences D. authors14. A. procedural B. personal C. contractual D. equal15. A. drafts B. arrangements C. additions D. definitions16. A. hope B. work C. credit D. profitDCalled "the man who shaped America" and "the father of modern industrial design" ，Raymond Loewy must be one of the most influential designers of all time．He revolutionized the industry，working as a consultant for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators，from cars to the interiors of spacecraft．Loewy's design all had one thing in common．They were shaped by the MAYA principle - Most Advanced Yet Acceptable．His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs．After a short period as a fashion illustrator，Loewy started his career in industrial design in 1929 by re-designing a copying machine for the British manufacturer，Sigmund Gestetner．The 28-year-old designer completed the task in three days and the design of the machine lasted for the next 40 years．The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining （流线型）．He described this as "beauty through function and simplification"．He spent the next 50 years streamlining everything from postage stamps and company logos to the interiors of stores．The famous Greyhound bus and Studebaker car show his use of streamlining in action．He is perhaps most famous for his re-design of the Lucky Strike packaging．In 1940 ，the President of the Lucky Strike Manufacturing Company，George Washington Hill，bet Loewy 美元50，000 that he could not improve the appearance of the green and red Lucky Strike．Loewy accepted the challenge．He changed the background of the packet from green to white．Then he put the red lucky strike target on both sides of the packet．This made itmore eye-catching and greatly increased sales．It is now recognized as a design classic．Loewy's logo design aimed at "Visual retention"．He wanted to make sure that anyone who saw the logo，even for a short while，would never forget it．He designed many highly visible logos for famous companies such as Shell Oil ，Exxon，Greyhound and Nabisco．By the mid-20th century，his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say "the average person，leading a normal life…is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things，service or structure" designed by his firm．17.Loewy's biggest influence was in ______ ．A. completely changing the design industryB. successfully shaping Americans' tasteC. changing people's idea about designD. building a professional design team18.Loewy's designs were based on the idea of ______ ．A. providing most immediately recognizable designsB. providing completely different designsC. speeding up the design processD. offering original but not revolutionary answers to problems19.Loewy's logo designs aimed at ______ ．A. making the companies well knownB. bringing freshness for a short whileC. attracting people to the companies' historyD. making company symbols very memorable20.What can we infer from the last paragraph？______A. Loewy provided service to ordinary people．B. Loewy's designs were famous and influential．C. Loewy's design firms existed all over the world．D. Loewy was welcomed and respected by the public．EA familiar voice is just few digits away from you．Whether you prefer high-tech options or more traditional landlines，there are affordable way to call home when you travel abroad，even if you don't carry an internationally-capable cellphone．Repaid Calling CardsRepaid calling cards provide the ultimate in flexibility：they can be used from most locations，including pay phones，cell phones and landlines．But not all calling cards are equal，especially overseas．Compare the rate options associated with different cards，whether you buy them before you travel or on the road．Some charge a pre-connection fee as well as a per minute fee，for example．Callback ServiceAs the name suggests，these services call you and then place your call at cheaper rates．You initiate the call by dialing a "trigger number -a connection to the call-back service's computers．Let the call ring once and then hang up．The computer calls you back from the United States using lower international rates and makes the connection after verifying your account number．Often cheaper than direct-dial calls，but the services may not work at hotels，where staff may not accept the return calls．The service is welcome to those who make lots of international calls．Voice Over Internet Protocol （VoIP）VoIP works by digitalizing your voice and sending it via the Internet to the person you're calling，who hears it on his PC speakers，or by routing it through regular telephone lines to anyone's standard phone line．VoIP services generally work best with a broadband or wireless Internet connection and can be used from hotel rooms，Internet cafes or wireless hot spots if you have a notebook computer．Since most calls use the Internet，and connections into and out of the Internet are typically local calls，the rates are astonishing low．21.According to the passage，if computer technology is not available，travelers are advisedto call by ______ ．A. landlineB. repaid calling cardC. callback serviceD. pay phone22.What is focused on in the callback service？______A. Making a phone call as brief as possible．B. Taking advantage of the hotel phone call service．C. Saving on calls by calling from home．D. Using the bank account for call pay in any country．23.The passage is mainly intended to ______ ．A. offer tips to travelers on how to call home for lessB. help travelers find the easiest way to call back homeC. introduce the optional approaches to family connectionD. advise travelers to call home through broadband or wireless InternetFTourism is a leisure activity，whose prework means just the opposite．Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being "modern" and the popular concept of tourism is that，it is organized within particular place and occurs for a period of time，which is arranged beforehand．Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to，and their stay in，various destinations．This necessarily involves some movement，that is the journey，and a period of stay in a new place or places．The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places，of residence and work，and are of a short-term and temporary nature，and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time．Modern societies engage in such tourist practices．New socialized forms of transportation and hotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists，as opposed to the individual character of travel．Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation （期望）especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures，either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who have been there．Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non-tourist practices，such as films，TV，literature，magazines，records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming．Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience．Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary．The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life．People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs，postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured．One of the earliest research paper on the subject of tourism is Boorstin's analysis of the "pseudo-event" （1964）where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience "reality" directly but are happy with "pseudo-events"．Isolated from the host environment and the local people，the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake orman-made attractions，and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo-events and disregarding the real world outside．Over time the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self- perpetuating（自我延续的）system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit．Such visits are made，says Boorstin，within the "environmental bubble" of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment．24.In the 1st paragraph，the author wants to say that before you travel to a new place ______ ．A. making a careful travel plan is necessaryB. planning travel involves time and thoughtC. getting travel tips from your friends may save timeD. choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable25.The sentence "the viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of socialpatterning" in the 3rd paragraph means ______ ．A. traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routineB. new environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractiveC. tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experienceD. travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values26.We can infer from the last paragraph that ______ ．A. when travelling，many tourists will miss their homes and friendsB. visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of timeC. the virtue of travel is to interact with a culture different from your ownD. American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside27.Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage？______A. Tourism，an Outlook on Different LifeB. Tourism，a Direct Hug of NatureC. Tourism，a New Relation to Familiar SightsD. Tourism，a False Belief about the WorldA scheme was first put forward recently by an expert that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home．(1) One very experienced social worker expressed his serious reservation about the scheme in a television interview．When asked to explain why，he thought for a moment and finally confessed "Well，I guess because it's new．That's my only reason．Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind rather than send them to prison．(2) Nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison．(3) "If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this，what is to prevent him from killing somebody else？" This argument ignored the fact that nobody proposed to allow convicted murderers to use the bracelet system．One criticism put forward was that an offender could take off his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to wear while he himself went off to commit another crime．The reply to this was that the bracelet would be made so that the computer would immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with it．A more serious objection to the scheme was that the harsh life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime．A prisoner who was allowed to live at home would suffer no particular discomfort and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime．No immediate action was taken on the proposal．It was far too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully．(4) Several governments appointed experts to investigate the scheme and make recommendations for or against it．A．The idea，however，was not rejected．B．They should spend their lives in prison．C．It met with strong objections．D．Most of the criminal cases are unpredictable．Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．E．Some critics rushed to take extreme cases．F．The shame of having a criminal record was adequate for them．28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F32.Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize in no more than 60 words the mainidea of the passage and how it is illustrated．Use your won words as far as possible．Blowing a Few TopsEver stopped to consider the upside of volcanic eruptions？It's not all death，destruction and hot liquid rock-scientists have a plan to cool the planet by simulating one sucheruption．Solar geoengineering involves simulating a volcano by spraying aerosols（气溶胶）into the atmosphere．When they combine with oxygen，droplets of sulfuric acid （硫酸）form．These droplets reflect sunlight away from Earth，cooling the planet．All good in theory，but the consequences are largely unknown and a few could be disastrous．Ina study recently published in Nature Communications，researchers led by Anthony Jones，a climate scientist from the University of Exeter，found that using this technology in theNorthern Hemisphere could reduce the number of tropical winds hitting the U．S．and Caribbean．But there's an annoying exchange：more winds in the Southern Hemisphere and a drought across the Sahel region of Africa．That's because the entire climate system is linked-disrupting one region will invariably affect another．How would a nation react if another was causing its weather to get much worse？Would that be an act of war？There is，however，a case for using solar geoengineering on a global scale．Jones says it could be used to "take the edge off" the temperature increases scientists arepredicting．It could be used while the world searches for more effective strategies．The study also highlights a far bigger problem with solar geoengineering：its complete lack of regulation．"There's nothing that could stop one country just doing it，" Jones says．"You only need about 100 aircraft with three flights per day．It would cost 1 billion to 10 billion per year．" He adds，"It's deeply disturbing that we have this technology that could have such a massive influence on the climate，yet there's just no regulation to stop countries or even organizations from doing it．"Jones cautions that there is much about the climate system we do not understand，as well as far more work that will need to be done before solar geoengineering is consideredsafe-or too dangerous to even discuss．33.技术员给他推荐的这款新软件应能帮助他快速适应新的书写方式．（adapt）______34.虽然她有一份收入不错的工作，但是因为她不善管钱而经常入不敷出．（lack）______35.你电脑用得越熟练，你找到秘书工作的可能性就越大．（the more…．the more）______36.早餐要营养丰富，易于消化，使人有饱腹感，这样才能让人们工作时间更长而不感觉疲惫．（need）______37.Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructionsgiven below in Chinese．校学生会开展了教科书再利用（the recycling of textbooks）的活动，号召高三学生把自己的教科书留给新生使用．你愿意参加这样的活动吗？假如你是李华，请向学生会发一份email进行回复，表明你的态度，并说明你的理由．答案和解析1.【答案】was elected【解析】1．was elected，考查时态语态，指1907年，所以用一般过去时态，主语和elect之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，故填was elected．2．Because，考查连词，根据句意"因为林德伯格表现出非凡的机械天赋，1921年，他被威斯康星州大学录取学习工程学"，可知用because引导原因状语从句．3．To seek，考查不定式，做目的状语，所以用不定式，故填to seek．4．what，考查宾语从句，在宾语从句中做宾语，表示"…的东西"，所以用what引导．5．Having been trained，考查分词，train发生在句子谓语动词complete之前，所以用现在分词的完成时态，表示"被培训"，所以用having been trained．6．in，考查介词，表示在某一年用介词in．7．to fly，考查不定式，序数词后面常用不定式作后置定语，故填to fly．8．would change，考查时态，根据句意"他知道这一雄心勃勃的飞行将改变他的一生"，表示过去将会，所以用过去将来时态，故填would change．9．crowded，考查形容词，作宾补，所以用形容词，故填crowded．10．in，考查固定搭配，bring in带来，故填in．本文讲述了查尔斯林德伯格的生平和他的各种挑战以及获得的成就．本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识．2.【答案】【小题1】I【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】E【小题5】J【小题6】B【小题7】C【小题8】G【小题9】H【小题10】K【解析】1．I 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：而这种谦逊的态度在创业时是一种帮助还是一种障碍．humble谦逊的；故选I．2．D 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：瑞典是工业变革和新产品的创新之地． innovation创新；故选D．3．A 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：尽管只有1000万居民占据了一块很大程度上被森林荒芜所界定的土地，但近年来，美国人均创造了10亿美元的公司，超过了硅谷以外的任何地方．inhabitants居民；故选A．4．E 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：对于那些想法不一致的人，有一个强大的社会福利网络来设置他们重新站起来．network网络；故选E．5．J 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：虽然宜家创始人英格瓦•坎普拉德（Ingvar Kamprad）一直强调自己的态度谦虚和节俭，但研究始终是宜家扩张的核心．expansion扩张；故选J．6．B 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：这些公司所拥有的文化特征已经引起了全球的关注．captured获得；故选B．7．C 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：文化评论员Lola Akinmade Akerstrom 在她最近出版的新书《Lagorm：瑞典人安居乐业的秘密》中强调了这一点，她说："努力把自夸降到最低限度，找到共同点，让每个人都站在同一个页面上"仍然是瑞典劳动力中传播最广的两种做法．minimum最低；故选C．8．G 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：文化评论员Lola Akinmade Akerstrom 在她最近出版的新书《Lagorm：瑞典人安居乐业的秘密》中强调了这一点，她说："努力把自夸降到最低限度，找到共同点，让每个人都站在同一个页面上"仍然是瑞典劳动力中传播最广的两种做法．highlighted强调了；故选G．9．H考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：她说，在瑞典商界，这不是专注于摇滚明星或首席执行官的"杀戮"，而是"每个人聚在一起，确保他们的声音都能被平等地听到，这样他们就能一起达成一个最理想的解决方案．"equally平等地；故选H．10．K 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：这种文化源于瑞典人称之为"Jantelagen"的文化，它描述了一个百年传统，阻止不必要的财富或成功的展示，换句话说，没有人应该认为自己比任何人都好．displays展示；故选K．本文是一篇以论文，主要就"吹牛是好事还是坏事"展开了讨论，瑞典是世界上最具创造力的国家之一，但它的文化却告诫人们不要在公众面前吹嘘自己的成功，而这种谦逊的态度在创业时是一种帮助还是一种障碍？文章给了我们解释．选词完成句子是高中英语的一个重要题型，它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解、语篇理解等考查于一体，既考查了考生的语言知识水平，又检测了考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力；主要是考查学生对某一段落或者某几个句子之间的逻辑关系的判断和把握，尤其是对句与句之间的逻辑关系的理解．这要求考生熟记表示列举、原因、结果、让步、递进、转折、对照、补充、时间、目的、条件等不同逻辑关系的连接词．3.【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】C 【小题4】A 【小题5】D【小题6】A 【小题7】D 【小题8】B 【小题9】A 【小题10】C【小题11】A 【小题12】A 【小题13】C 【小题14】A 【小题15】C【解析】DBCAD ADBAC AACAC1．D．考查形容词辨析．A．old-fashioned过时的；B．fixed 固定的；C．presented 提出；D．printed印刷；根据前文The novelist's medium is the written word．可知几乎可以说是印刷界．故选D2．B．考查形容词辨析．A．social社交的；B．narrative 叙述；C．favorite最喜爱的；D．easy 容易；平装小说仍然是最便宜的，最便携和最适合的叙事娱乐形式．故选B3．C．考查动词辨析．A．sourcing采购；B．surfing 冲浪；C．writing写作；D．receiving 接收；根据后文 The narrative can go， effortlessly， anywhere， into space， people's head， palaces， prisons and pyramids可知它仅限于单一的信息写作渠道．故选C4．A．考查名词辨析．A．text 文本；B．publication出版；C．ambition 野心；D．attitude 态度；他可能会被他的编辑建议修改他的文本，但如果作者拒绝满足这个条件，没有人会感到惊讶．故选A5．D．考查副词辨析．A．simply简单地；B．eventually 最终；C．freely 自由地；D．exactly 完全正确；对于一位著名的小说家来说，他或她的手稿（手稿）的出版商希望出版商能像他或她所写的那样出版，这并不是一个未知数．故选D6．A．考查动词辨析．A．performed执行；B．approved 批准；C．covered 覆盖；D．continued继续；根据前文However， not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit （提交） a script可知然而，即使是最有名气的剧作家或编剧也不会提交剧本（提交），并期望它在没有任何改写的情况下被表演．故选A7．D．考查名词辨析．A．information信息；B．approach接近；C．setting设置；D．communication 沟通；这是因为戏剧和电影是叙事的合作形式，使用多个沟通渠道．故选D8．B．考查名词辨析．A．fame 名声；B．words 文字；C．presence 存在；D．rights 权利；根据后文 the physical presence of the actors， their voices and gestures， the "set" and possibly mu sic．可知舞台剧的制作涉及到，以及作者的话语，演员的实际存在，他们的声音和手势，"布景"和可能的音乐．故选B9．A．考查名词辨析．A．basis基础；B．reference参考；C．plan 计划；D．rule 规则；虽然剧本是舞台剧和电影的基本基础，但它是作家和其他创作人员之间协商修改的基础．故选A10．C．考查名词辨析．A．assemblies组件；B．performances 表演；C．rehearsals 排练；D．negotiations 谈判；根据前文 They're given "approval" of the choice of a director and actors and have the right to 可知他们得到"同意"选择导演和演员，并有权参加排练排演，在此期间他们可能承担更多的重写工作．故选C11．A．考查动词辨析．A．recording录音；B．evolving 进化的；C．bargaining讨价还价；D．training 培训；根据前文 In the case of screenplay， the writer may have little or no control over the final form of h is work．可知他们得到"同意"选择导演和演员，并有权参加排练排演，在此期间他们可能承担更多的重写工作．故选A12．A．考查名词辨析．A．actors演员；B．directors 导演；C．audiences观众；D．authors 作者；剧本制作合同保护作者在这方面的权利．故选A13．C．考查形容词辨析．A．procedural 程序性；B．personal个人；C．contractual 契约的；D．equal相等的；根据前文In film or television work， on the other hand，可知在电影或电视作品，另一方面，剧本作者没有这种协商程度的契约权利．故选C 14．A．考查名词辨析．A．drafts 草稿；B．arrangements 安排；C．additions增加；D．definitions定义；根据后文 the writer is in the driver's seat， although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director．可知当剧本正在经历它的各种草稿时，作者在驾驶座上，尽管有时受到制片人和导演的批评．故选A15．C．考查动词辨析．A．hope 希望；B．work工作；C． credit归功于；D．profit 利润；根据后文 ignoring the contribution， for good and ill of the director．可知这是一个事实，被大多数电视剧的新闻评论家忽视了，他们往往把一部作品的成败归咎于作家和演员，忽略了对导演好坏的贡献．故选C文章讲述了小说家的文字是最适合便携和叙事的娱乐形式，而有时候也会因为需要而做出改变，又或是被表演出来，其过程又有许多人参与，而这些人也是表现形式的组成部分之一．做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意，一篇完形填空的文章会有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一遍，才能大概了解文章内容，千万不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致，选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．这篇完型要多注意：填空时多联系上下文，注意固定搭配，答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确．18.【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】D 【小题3】D 【小题4】B【解析】ADDB1．A．细节理解题．根据第一段He revolutionized the industry，working as a consultant for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators，from cars to the interiors of spacecraft．可知，他彻底改变了行业，作为顾问工作了超过200家公司和创造设计从包装到冰箱，从汽车到飞船的内部．由此可见，他Loewy最大的影响是彻底改变了这个行业．故选A．2．D．细节理解题．根据第二段His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs．可知，他的想法是，如果设计问题的解决方案与目前的设计有太大的不同，人们就不会接受．由此可见，Loewy的设计是基于对问题提供原创性而非革命性的答案的想法．故选D．3．D．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段内容Loewy的标志设计旨在"视觉保留"．他想确保任何人看到这个标志，即使是很短一段时间，也不会忘记它．他为壳牌石油、埃克森美孚（Exxon）、灰狗（Greyhound）和纳比斯科（Nabisco）等著名公司设计了许多高度可见的标志．可知他的标志设计旨在使公司的标志非常令人难忘．故选D．。