中考语法专题之名词学习目标1.掌握名词概念（可数不可数）以及名词修饰；了解及掌握主谓一致知识点。

知识点---名词【知识梳理】知识点一 ---名词及主谓一致【知识梳理】（一）名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词专有名词: 表示人，地方，事物，机构，组织等名称的词，如the West Lake, Jack, the White House,The World Trade Organization (WTO)普通名词又分为以下几类：（二）名词的数I. 可数名词个体名词和集体名词通常为可数名词，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

(1)可数名词的复数的变化规则复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：1. 一般情况在词尾加-s，清辅音后读/s/; .浊辅音和元音后bag-bags 读/z/; 例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens, doctor→doctors, boy→boys, car-cars 。

1.以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，读/iz/。

例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。

2.以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，读/ iz/ 例如：orange—oranges，license-licenses3.以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es, -es读作/z/ 例如：city→ cities,factory→ factories, country→countries, family→families。

但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。

4.以o结尾的词多数都加-es。

例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,辅助记忆顺口溜：黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土豆西红柿即Negroes ，heroes，V olcanoes, potatoes, tomatoes但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。

例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。

5.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves辅助记忆顺口溜: 为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives ，loaves ，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves记忆口诀：“清读清，浊读浊，元音也读浊”6.少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。

【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。

例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。

但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；ma n, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers，women teachers。

有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。

但当fish指许多条鱼且不管种类时，用fish，单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。

如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. / I prefer fish to meat.7.单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。

8.还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。

9.只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls知识点二---名词及主谓一致1. 名词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：（1）主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention. The water in the glass is very cold.（2）集体名词（如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等）做句子主语时，如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：Class Three havea map of China.（3）Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。

如：There is a sheep in the yard. / There are some sheep in the yard（4）maths, news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：The news isvery exciting.（5）glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。

如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.（6）a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。

如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.A lot of time was wasted on that work. （被动句）（7）and 连接两个名词做主语时，谓语原则上用复数，但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时，谓语则用单数。

如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now./ Fish and chips is very famous food.（8）there be 句型中be的单复数由靠近的名词决定。

如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.（9）主语中含有with的短语时，谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。

如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. （10）表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时，谓语一般用单数。

如：Two months is not a short time. Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance（距离）.（11）主语中含有half of… / （three quarters）of… / all （of）the ….等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定，如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English / A third of the students were playing near the lake.但是，population一词又有特殊情况：What’s the population of China? / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs（阿拉伯人）. （句子用复数）【例题精讲】一、用合适的be动词（am/is/are）填空：1.Ten years ______ short time for me.2.A pair of shoes ______ under the bed.3.The number of the students in our school _____ 2,000.4.The woman with two children ______coming here.5. Maths ______ hard to learn for the boy.6. The population of China _______over 1,300,000,000.7. One of the students ______gone to Shanghai.8. My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.9. The head teacher with his students _______ going to Teanchengshan Park if it _______ rainy tomorrow.10. Our knowledge of computer _____ growing all the time.Keys: is; is; is; is; is; is; has; is, is; is ,is ;is.【课堂练习】一、单项选择1. We should take our teaches’ ________ and make full use of _____ to study.A. advices; timesB. advice; timeC. advice; timeD. advices; time2. —Would you like some __________ ?— Oh, yes, just a little.A. applesB. carrotC. pearsD. chicken3. — It's a wise ________ to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well.— Thank you very much.A. choiceB. supportC. mixtureD. honour4. If you want to get more information about English learning, please visit our_______.A. companyB. storeC. officeD. website5. —Would you like some _______?—No, thanks. I’m not hungry at all.A. waterB. soupC. orangeD. bread6. Being honest is the first ______ if you want to make friends with others.A. stepB. timeC. jobD. hand7. —What is Miss Gao’s favorite __________?—She is always in pink. Don’t you know?A. colourB. bookC. songD. movie8.---- I have great ______ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me?—No problem.A. fun.B. success.C. advice.D. difficulty.10. Lee is new in Nanchang. Maybe he needs a _____for sightseeing.A. watchB. ticketC. mapD. notebook11. The food safety is a serious_______ in our country. We should try to solve it.A. subjectB. programC. problemD. opinion12. —— Hello! Is that Jenny speaking?—— Sorry, I’m afraid you’ve got the wrong ________.A. numbe rB. nameC. addressD. message13. — I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer.—Is that a ? I’m sure I’ll get the bike.A. chanceB. promiseC. trickD. treat14. — Could you give me some ______ on how to learn English ______?— Sure. Practice makes perfect.A. advice; goodB. suggestions; goodC. advice; wellD. suggestion; well15. — Look at my stamps.— They are beautiful! You’ve got a wonderful______.A. instructionB. descriptionC. collectionD. expression16. _____ fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.A. Jack and Mike’sB. Jack’s and Mike’sC. Jack and MikeD. Jack’s and Mike17. —What kind of porridge would you like, Alice?— I would like ______.A. egg porridgeB. eggs porridgeC. fish porridgesD. fishes porridge18. Look at the man over there. He is _____ uncle.A. Jim’s and Tim’sB. Jim’s and TimC. Jim and TimD. Jim and Tim’s19. —Mum, I am hungry. May I have some ______?—Of course. But don't eat too much.A. breadB. noodleC. dumplingD. Hamburger20. —How far is your cousin's home from here?—It's about two_______ ride.A. hour'sB. hoursC. hours'D. Hour21. Mr White, the principal, has made a great to the growth of the school.A. contributionB. progressC. inventionD. protection22. — How ______ is it from Xi’an to Dunhuang?—It’s less than 3 _______ flight.A. long; hour’sB. far; hour’sC. long; hours’D. far; hours’23. A/An_________ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things.A. actorB. scientistC. artistD. doctor24.The people who are more confident have more________ to make themselves successful.A. educationB. chancesC. prideD. excuses25. —What would you like to drink, girls?—________ please.A. Two glass of waterB. Two glass of watersC. Two cups of teaD. Two cups of teas26. —Someone called you just now.—I know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called back, there was no ______.A. voiceB. soundC. answerD. result27. The French book must be Li Ying’s. She’s the only one who’s studying French.A. belong to Li Ying’sB. belong to Li YingC. belong Li Ying’sD. belong Li Ying28. Kate is _____ girl. She’s very happy at school.A. a eighteen-year-oldB. an eighteen-year-oldC. an eighteen-years-oldD. a eighteen-years-old29. “ bookcase is this?” “It must be_____.”A. Who’s ; TomB. Who’s; Tom’C. Whose; Tom’sD. Whose; Tom30. — How far is your home from school?—It’s about two__________ walk.A. hoursB. hours’C. hour’sD. hour Keys：1-5 BDADD6-10 AADCC11-15 CABCC16-20 BADAC21-25 CDCBC25-30 CBBCB二、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。