In fact, modern management practices and various special knowledge domains have absorbed various techniques or tools which were once identified only with the supporting disciplines. 实际上，现代管理实践与各专业知识领域已经吸收（应用）了各种不同 的技术和工具，而这些技术和工具曾一度仅仅被视作属于支持性学科的 范畴。
因此，图2-1中的显示反映了项目管理框架演变的唯一来源。
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第六段
Specifically, project management in construction encompasses a set of objectives which may be accomplished by implementing（实施） a series of operations subject to resource constraints.
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For example, computer-based information system and decision support systems are now commonplace tools for general management.
例如，计算机信息系统和决策支持系统是现在管理的一般工 具。
一般来说，项目管理是区别于一般以任务为导向项目性质的 企业管理。
A project organization will generally be terminated when the mission is accomplished.
项目组织一般是任务完成时项目便终止。 According to the Project Management Institute, the discipline of
项目管理是使用现代管理技术指导和协调整个项目周期 的人力和物力，以实现预定的范围、成本、时间、质量 和参与者满意度目标的艺术。
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第四段：
By contrast, the general management of business and industrial corporations assumes a broader outlook with greater continuity of operation. 与此形成对照，一般的工商企业的一般管理更广泛地着眼于业务更 佳的连续性。 Nevertheless, there are sufficient similarities as well as differences between the two so that modern management techniques developed for general management may be adapted for project management. 不过，二者之间也有足够的相似性和差异，以便项目管理适应为一 般管理开发的现代管理技术。
同样，许多运筹学技术例如线性规划和网络分析现在广泛使 用于许多知识或应用领域。 Hence, the representation in Figure2-1 reflects only the sources from which the project management framework evolves.
project management can be defined as follows: 根据项目管理协会，项目管理学科可以定义为如下：
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第三段：
Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction.
工程管理专业英语 第2课
第ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้段：
Generally, project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project.
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第五段：
The basic ingredients for a project management framework may be represented schematically in Figure2-1. 项目管理框架最基本的因素由图2-1所示。 A working knowledge of general management（综合、一般） and familiarity with the special knowledge domain related to the project are indispensable. 一般管理应用知识和（对）项目相关的专业知识领域（的熟知）是不可 缺少的。 Supporting disciplines（学科） such as computers science and decision science may also play an important role. 例如计算机科学和决策科学之类的支持学科也许也扮演一个重要角色。
Similarly, many operations research techniques such as linear programming and network analysis are now widely used in many knowledge or application domains.