工程管理专业英语一、Please write the English or Chinese expressions illustrative of the following drawings of typical tender workflow and typical contract workflow.（请写出下图所绘的典型的招标工作流程和典型的合同流程的英文或者中文）二、Translate the following Chinese/English into English/Chine.（把下面的中文/英文翻译成英文/中文）（一）设计/施工过程 design/construct process（二）房地产开发商 the real estate developer（三）投机性住宅市场 the speculative housing market（四）项目管理 project management（五）项目全寿命期 project life cycle（六）项目范围 project scope（七）专业化服务 professional service（八）重大基础项目建设 infrastructure and heavy construction （九）住宅类房屋建设 resident housing construction（十）办公和商业用房建设institutional and commercial building construction （十一）专业化工业项目建设 specialized industrial construction （十二）专业咨询师 professional counselor（十三）总承包商 general contractor（十四）价值工程 value engineering（十五）竞争性招标 competitive bidding（十六）建筑和工程设计公司architectural and engineering（A/E）firm（十七）运营与维护管理 operation and maintenance management （十八）设计/施工公司 design/construct firm（十九）分包商 subcontractor（二十）设施管理 facility managemen（二十一）预算安排 budget arrangement（二十二）进度安排 scheduling arrangement（二十三）工程变更 changes（二十四）施工索赔 claims（二十五）运筹学 opsearch（二十六）非生产性 non-productive（二十七）临时性工作暂停 temporary work stoppage（二十八）土木工程 civil engineering（二十九）通用采购公告 general procurement noticet（三十）现场踏勘 site visits（三十一）技术规范与图纸 specification and drawings（三十二）建筑公司 construction company（三十三）建筑与工程设计公司architectural and engineering（A/E）firm（三十四）现场质量监督 on site quality inspection（三十五）施工图 shop drawings（三十六）施工合同 construction contract（三十七）设计/施工公司 design/construct firm（三十八）设施维护 facility maintenance（三十九）工程量清单 bill of quantities（四十）竣工图纸 as-built drawings（四十一）关键线路法 critical path method（CPM）（四十二）质量保证 quality assurance（四十三）全面质量控制 total quality control三、Short Answer Questions.（简要的回答问题）（一）What does specialized industrial construction include? Can you give some examples?Answer：P8 第二段 1-3行（Specialized industrial construction usually …… or nuclear power plants.）（二）What does infrastructure and heavy construction include? Can you give some examples?Answer：P9 第二段1-4行（Infrastructure and heavy construction includes …… sewage treatment plants.）（三）What is project management?Answer：P20 第三段全部（Project management is the art ofdirecting …… and participation satisfaction.）（四）Which areas should be mastered for a project manager?Answer：P21-22 第三段全部加粗黑体字（1-9点）（五）What is competitive bidding ?Answer：P66 第一段 1-6行（competitive bidding is …… and by preventing favoritism.）（六）Whether to bid on a project ?Answer：P67 第二、三段自行归纳（七）What do bidding documents generally include ?Answer：P60 第四段 4-8行（they generally include …… and necessary appendices.）（八）What factors should be taken into account in prequalification of bidders ?Answer：P60 第二段倒数1-3行三点（九）What shall the Borrower firstly examine in evaluation of bids?Answer：P62-63 第五段 1-3行（The Borrower shall examine the bids …… Otherwise generally in order.）（十）Which situations can the Borrower reject all bids ?Answer：P63 第一段 2-5行（If a bid is not …… it shall not be considered further.）（十一）What does The Direct costs estimate include ?Answer：P67 第四段 4-5行（The direct costs estimate includes the costs of …… Involved in the construction.）（十二）What does The Mark-up include ?Answer：P67 第四段8-9行（The mark-up includes the allowances …… profit and risk.）（十三）What factors affect bidding success ?Answer：P68 第二段五点（十四）How can a construction company increase competitive advantage?Answer：P69 第一段四点（十五）Why do quality control and safety represent increasingly important concerns for project managers?Answer：P148 第一段 2-6行（Defects or failures in constructed facilities can …… these increased direct costs.）（十六）Why should quality requirements should be clear and verifiable?Answer：P149 第二段 3-5行（Quality requirements should be clear and …… the requirements for conformance.）（十七）By what safety during the construction project is influenced in large part?Answer：P149 第三段 1-2行（Safety during the construction project …… and design process.）（十八）For the purpose of insuring compliance ,what steps and methods are commonly used as the basis for accepting or rejecting work completed and batches of materials?Answer：P152 第一段 4-6行（For the purpose of …… and batches of materials.）（十九）For smaller projects, who might assume the responsibility for quality and safety assurance?Answer：P149 第四段 6-7行（For smaller projects …… and other responsibilities.）（二十）Can you give us a brief introduction about ISO9000?Answer：P153 第二段倒数1-4行（The best known formal certification for …… Implementation and review.）（二十一）Why is total quality control is difficult to apply ,particular in construction?Answer：P154 第一段 1-4行（The unique nature of each …… in construction difficult.）（二十二）What are the major differences between the sampling by attribute and the sampling by variables?Answer：P157 第一段 3-8行两点（二十三）Why is construction a relatively hazardous undertaking?Answer：无四、Relate and analyze the following question.（叙述和分析以下问题）（一）Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the cost-plus-fee agreements.Answer：P75-76自行归纳（二）Can you describe how does the project life cycle of a constructed facility work ?Answer：P1-4自行归纳五、Translation.（翻译）（一）Job-site productivity is influenced by many factors. Which can be characterized either as labor characteristics, project work conditions or as non-productive activities.工作现场生产率受多种因素的影响。