高一英语语法总复习定语从句一、定语从句的基本概念由关系代词或副词引导一个句子来修饰一个名词、代词亦或一个句子的从句被称之为定语从句(又称形容词性从句)，是跟名词性从句以及状语从句(又称副词性从句)相齐名的三大从句之一。

1.定语从句的要素一是先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，亦或是一个句子；二是关系词：引导定语从句的词，又分成关系代词和关系副词；三是关系词在定语从句中所要充当的充分：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语；关系副词在从句中只可以充当状语。

①Gun control is a subject __________ Americans have argued about for a long time.②The news will be most welcome to those ___________ jobs are poorly paid.③The town _________ we visited last week is the one __________ the famous painter was born.④I often think of the days _________I stayed with you, ______ has had a great effect on my life.⑤Many westerners _________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries.2.定语从句的种类限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制作用，若没有了这个从句，句子意思要么不完整要么就意思发生改变，故主从句之间不用逗号隔开。

Finally he reached a lonely island __________ was completely cut off from the outside world.非限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词补充说明，若没有这个从句，句意相对完整，故主从句之间往往用逗号隔开。

The result of the experiment was very good, _________we hadn’t expected.二、关系代(副)词的基本用法1.①animals.②She brought with her three friends, none of _________ I had ever met before.③The report _____________ Mr Smith handed in was about the motor race.④My friend showed me around the town, ___________ was very kind of him.⑤The girl __________legs was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital immediately.⑥_________ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years.2.关系代词的用法注意点（1）定语从句中，只能用关系代词that的情况①先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时Now all _______ is urgently needed is money and hands.②先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时We heard clearly every word _______ he said.③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时This is the most interesting storybook _______ that I have ever read.④先行词既指人又指物时She described in her compositions the people and places _______ impressed her most.⑤先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时He’s the only boy in our town _______ enters the Beijing University.⑥句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时Who is the girl _______ drove the car?（2）定语从句中，不能用关系代词that的情况▲在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代事/物，用who/whom指人, 不能用that;He had failed in the maths exam, _________made his father very angry.He feels honored to work with Mr Li, ________has a good reputation in the business.▲在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人, 不能用that; The house in _________we live is very large.A doctor with _________ James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Educator.▲先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时常常用who;God help those _________help themselves.▲有两个定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用了that, 另外一个则用which 或who。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library ________was newly open to us.3.3.(1).where引导的定语从句关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。

特别注意下面这些表示地点的抽象名词：atmosphere(氛围）, case（情况）, situation（情况，形势）, point（地点；阶段）, stage（舞台；阶段）, position（位置）等。

例：We all admire and respect our English teacher because she has a gift for creating an atmosphere _______ we can communicate freely with each other.(2) when引导的定语从句关系副词when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。

但是有些名词不是一眼就能看出是表示时间的，要经过认真分析才能确定。

例：Spring Festival is the most important festival in China and an occasion _______ all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West.(3)The reason why(定语从句)...is that(表语从句)...…为什么……的原因是……The reason ____ he refused to attend the meeting was _____they didn’t sent him an invitation earlier.★注意区分●关系代词和关系副词的区别选用关系代词还是关系副词来引导定语从句，要看定语从句缺什么成分。

如果缺主语、宾语或定语，就用关系代词(who,that, which, whose, whom, as等)，如果缺状语，就用关系副词（when, where, why）①The mountain village ___________I stayed for a night last year has taken on a new look.②The mountain village ___________I visited last year has taken on a new look.③I will never forget the days ______________I spent in the countryside with the farmers.④I will never forget the days ________I lived in the countryside with the farmers.⑤The reason _________he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early bus.⑥The reason ___________he was late was that he had missed the early bus.●as和which指代主句的内容时所引导的定语从句的区别如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，甚至可以插在主句中间，那么用as；而which引导的从句一般放在主句后，并无“正如”的意思。

①A lot of language learning, _______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.②Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.●the way做先行词时，定语从句可以用that或in which引导或是省略What surprised me was not what he said but the way________ he said it.三、选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词还：根据先行词提供的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，（可以添词）替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）练习：利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择正确的关系词填空。