(2) cell autolysis, tissue necrosis;（细胞 自溶，组织坏死）
(3) the bleeding tendency （出血倾向）
Clinical manifestation(临床表现)
• Compensatory of shock
1, mental tension, irritability.
Types of shock
• Hypovolemic shock(低血容量性休克) • Cardiogenic shock(心源性休克) • Allergic shock（过敏性休克） • Neurogenic shock(神经性休克) • Septic shock(感染性休克)
Hypovolemic shock
3, thready and rapid pulse or stroke is not clear, blood pressure decreased (BP < 90mmHg) or undetectable, pulse pressure smaller.
4, decreased urine output or urine (per 25ml).
2, pale, cold clammy skin.
3, thready and rapid pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure rise high, pulse pressure smaller.
4, normal or decreased urine volum微循环的变化 2.津液代谢的变化 3.炎症介质的释放和缺 血再灌注损伤
4.继发性损害
• Microcirculatory changes
compensation of shock
(1) to speed up the heart, cardiac output increased:
Inhibitory stage of shock(休克抑制期)
1, indifferent mind, unresponsive, or unconsciousness, coma.
2, systemic skin mucous membrane cyanosis, cold limbs, cold sweat
(2) a redistribution of blood:
(3) tissue hypoxia:
（1）心跳加快，心 排出量增加
（2）血液重新分配
（3）组织缺氧
（4）组织液明显减 少
(4) significantly reduced the tissue fluid
Decompensation of shock
Pathophysiology（病理生理学）
1. Microcirculatory changes
2. The changes of body fluid metabolism
3. Mediators of inflammation release and ischemical reperfusion injury
• The pump propels(推动) the fluid • The tubing distributes and collects it
Causes of shock
• Severe of sudden blood loss • Large drop in body fluids • Major infections • High spinal injuries • Myocardial infarction • anaphylaxis
起的综合症群。
introduction
• Shock is a sign of cardiovascular (心血管
的) insufficiency（不足） .
• The cardiovascular system is made up of
three key elements:a pump,tubing and a fluid
Hemorrhagic shock（失血性休克）
• Treatment: Supplement
blood capacity
Correction of acid-base and electrolyte imbalance
外科休克英文课件
Definition of shock
• Shock,regardless of the cause,may be
defined as a syndrome that results from inadequate perfusion of tissues.
• 休克乃各种原因导致的组织灌注不足所引
5, metabolic acidosis. 6, bleeding tendency often hint has occurred: DIC 7, respiratory distress syndrome:
(1) dyspnea were. (2) although to a large number of oxygen does not improve The symptoms and improve the oxygen partial pressure
• progressive stage of
shock( 休克进展期)
• Refractory stage of
shock(休克难治期）
(1) is larger than the flow of irrigation(灌大于流);
(2) the tissue edema（组织水肿）
(1) the formation of DIC（DIC形成）
• Inadequate blood volume
Clinical manifestation(临床表现)
• 1, hypotension.
2, heart rate.
3 changes, skin and mind.
1、低血压。 2、心率加快。 3、皮肤和神志的变
化。
4、器官功能不全。
4, organ dysfunction