控江中学2014届高三月考考试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary(26’)Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that fits each blank.(16’)（A）It is a particularly useful time for America to reflect on those who 25_____ (sacrifice)so much for our freedom.When I first 26____ (speak )at West Point in 2009, we still had more than 100,000 troops in Iraq. We ____27___(prepare)to surge in Afghanistan. Our counterterrorism efforts 28____( focus)on al-Qaida’s core leadership -- those who had carried out the 9/11 attacks. And our nation was just beginning a long climb out of the worst economic crisis .Four and a half years later, as you graduate, the landscape has changed. We29____(remove)our troops from Iraq. We are winding down our war in Afghanistan. Al-Qaida’s leadership on the border region between Pakistan and Afg hanistan has been decimated, and Osama bin Laden is no more.Meanwhile, our economy30_____( remain) the most dynamic on Earth, our businesses the most innovative. Each year, we grow more energy independent.But the world 31____(change)with accelerating speed. This presents opportunity, but also new dangers.It will be your generation’s task to respond to this new world. The question we face, the question each of you will face, is not whether America__32___ (lead )but how we will lead, not just to secure our peace and prosperity but also extend peace and prosperity around the globe.（B）Many kinds of music can stir the imagination and produce strong feeling. For some people, romantic composers such as Chopin and Tchaikovsky enhance feelings of love and sympathy. Religious and spiritual music ___33___ help some people feel peace or lessen their pain. But one musician seems to have a unique ability of healing(治愈) the human body – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Scientists have found Mozart’s music to be remarkable i n its ability 34____ (calm) its listeners. It can also increase their perceptions, and help them express themselves more clearly.Many amazing cases have been documented using Mozart 35____ a healing aid. For example, a tiny premature baby 36______ (name) Krissy, who weighed just 1.5 pounds at birth, was on total life support. Doctors thought she had little chance of survival. Her mother insisted on playing Mozart for Krissy, andthought 37_____ saved her daughter’s life. Krissy lived, __38___ she was very small for her age and slower than the average child. At the age of four, she showed an interest in music and her parents gave her violin lessons.39_____ their astonishment, Krissy was able to play musical pieces from memory that were far beyond the ability of an average four-year-old. __40___ (play) music helped her improve in all areas of her life.Section BDirections: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that th ere is one word more than you need.(10’)Genes are found in every plant or animal cell. They are the basic units of life that are capable of passing specific 72____ from one generation to another. For example, whether you are tall or short depends upon the genes that you 73____ from your parents. Cloning plants or animals is a process that 74____ the production of a new organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which cells were taken. Although this 75_____ has aroused great interest around the world over the last ten years or so, cloning is not something new in nature. Most mothers give birth to just one child at a time; however, on rare 76___ a mother may give birth to a set of twins. If these two children are identical twins, then they are in fact naturally 77___ clones of each other, although not of the parents. The reason for them being clones is that the two children originated from one 78___ egg and consequently they are genetically identical. Twins that develop from two79___ eggs are not clones of each other.Cloning also occurs naturally in plants. Strawberry plants reproduce themselves by sending out runners, or modified stems, and these runners take root a short distance from the 80_____ plant and start to grow, and to produce fruit. In time, this plant sends out runners of its own that also take root. This is known as asexual reproduction; in other words, reproduction that does not involve the fusion (融合) of male and female cells. The newly 81____ plants are clones of the original. In addition to strawberry plants, certain types of flowers and grasses reproduce themselves in the same way. Throughout history, people have also facilitated cloning by taking small cuttings from plants and then growing them into new plants. This form of cloning is called vegetative propagation.III. Reading Comprehension(47’)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(15’)Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give __51__ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber (水管工) when they are __52__ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate __53_ as “generally good,” “correct,” and “moral” more than their peers.Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe inself-interest are __54__ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become __55__ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.“As a business school professor, these effe cts worry me, as economics,__56__ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a__57__ for courses in management, finan ce, and accounting.” says Frank.If economics can __58_ pro-social behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business __59__ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role o f “social preferences” like __60__, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, __61_ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are __62__ about others, not only themselves. __63__, within economics courses, we should do a better job __64__ the principle ofself-interest, which involves anything a person values -- including helping others.Not until then may the prophecy (预言) by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen be __65__. Calling economists “rational fools,” he observed: “The purely economic man is indeed close to being a social fool.”51. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more52. A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid53. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics54. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached55. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful56. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. doubtful57. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. doubtful58. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. reason59. A. education B. standard C. approach D. cause60. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. application61. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. generosity62. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. in need of63. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. enthusiastic64. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling65. A. broken B. predicted C. challenged D. fulfilled Section BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think of myself as a fairly cosmopolitan（全球的）sort of person, but my bookshelves told a different story as my literature collection mainly consisted of British and American titles. Worse still, I hardly ever read anything in translation. My reading was limited to stories by English-speaking authors.So, at the start of 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country in a year to find out what I was missing.With no idea how to go about this, thinking that I was unlikely to find books from nearly 200 nations from my loc al bookshop, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World, appealing for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the world were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books from their home countries.Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers sent me unpublished translations of their novels, giving me a rare opportunity to read works otherwise unavailable to the 62% of British people who only speak English. Even with such support, however, sourcing books was no easy task.Tracking down stories in some unfamiliar places even took as much time as the reading and blogging. It was hard to fit it all in around work and many were the nights when I sat bleary-eyed (睡眼惺忪的) into the small hours to make sure I stuck to my target of reading one book every 1.87 days.Still，one by one, the country names on the list made at the start of the year transformed into vital, exciting places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed exotic became familiar to me – places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real.66. What help did the writer receive to achieve his goal?A. Some writers sent him their original works.B. The local bookstore provided books from 200 nations even if it was unlikely.C. Some writers did research work on what books are popular.D. Some people mailed books from their own countries.67. In order to accomplish his goal, the writer did the following except ______.A. asking for help from all over the worldB. making full use of his leisure time after workC. reading until early next morningD. appealing to writers to send him new books68. What does the word "exotic" in the last paragraph most probably mean?A. Unrealistic.B. Uncivilized.C. Strange.D. Unimaginable.69. Which of the following best describe the writer’s experience in the year?A. Original but tiringB. Hard but relaxingC. Busy but fruitfulD. Helpful but challengingBVilla d'Este, Tivoli (Italy) - Official Site Useful InformationCall Center 199766166Number to dial from all of Italy for pre-sales and reservations for: tickets, guided tours, school groups, instructional visits.Bookings from abroad:email: villadestetivoli@ fax: 0039 0412770747 telephone: 0039 0412719036 Visiting Hours:Opening 8.30 – closed one hour before sunset.The ticket office closes one hour before the closing of the monument.The hydraulic organ of the Organ Fountain is active daily, from 10.30 am, every two hours.The Fontana della Civetta functions daily, from 10.00 am, every two hours. Ticket Prices:(from May 17 to October 20, 2013)Full ticket (exhibition + villa and gardens, not divisible): € 11. Reduced ticket: € 7.These prices will be valid during the daytime openings of the Villa until the closure of theexhibition, due on the 20th of October, 2013 (From the 22nd of October, 2013) Full ticket: € 8Reduced ticket: € 4These fares may vary in conjunction with exhibitions set inside the Villa.The right to purchase reduced price tickets belongs to all citizens of the European Unionbetween the ages of 18 and 24 as well as permanent teachers of state schools (uponpresentation of identity documents).School Visits:Reservations are required. The management of Villa d'Este, in the aim of preserving themonument and better distributing the flow of students, has limited the number of studentsallowed into the Villa to 100 students per hour. Should any school group arrive at the Villawithout having made a reservation, it will be admitted to the Villa according to spaceavailability at a particular time and asked to wait until such space becomes available. Rightof Reservation cost: € 1,00.Notices:Certain areas of the villa may be closed for restoration: for information inquire at the ticketoffice.Please pay particular attention to the areas marked with signs indicating danger (in Italian:pericolo).70.which of the following statement is not true?A. Villa d'Este is closed at night.B. Ticket prices are usually higher than usual when there happens to be an exhibition.C.Tourist are not allowed to enter areas marked with signs “pericolo”D.Visitors can buy reduced tickets as long as they take a reservation.71. The receptionist at the ticket office may recommend you to see ______ first, if you arrive at 10.25 am.A. the exhibition inside the villaB. the Organ FountainC. the gardensD. the Fontana della Civetta72. How can a visiting Chinese professor of architecture in Rome make a booking?A. By dialing 199766166.B. By writing an email to villadestetivoli@.C. By calling 0039 0412719036.D. By sending a fax to 0039 0412770747.73.Why are reservations essential for school visits?A. Reservations are more economical.B. Reservations enable as many students as possible to visit the monument.C. Reservations ensure a pleasant visit for students and a manageable one for the Villa.D. Reservation fees can help preserve the site.CHave you ever seen harmful robots refuse to die, no matter how fiercely people fight back? As is known, it is always the case in some of the scariest science fiction.Now, science fiction has changed into sciencefact. For the first time, researchers have created a robotic machine that can stand a beating and keep on walking. Developed by scientists from CornellUniversity and the University of Vermont, the new robot looks like a spider with four legs.Until now, even the most advanced robot was almost certain to break down when damaged.That’s because its inside computer simply doesn’t know how to operate the machine after its shape has changed.To get around this problem, the spidery robot’s developers equipped their invention witheight motors and two sensors that read how the machine is tilting(倾斜). The motors and sensors all provide electrical signals to the machine’s software.Using this information, the system follows a new procedure to figure out the machine’s shapeat any given moment. The program chooses from among 100,000 possible arrangements of parts.From there, the computer considers a wide variety of possible next steps, and it calculateshow best to move the robot forward the longest possible distance, before trying to move again.“The new strategy is a major advance in robotics”, Professor Skehan, a scientist in CornellUniversity says, “and it’s far from scary.” The technology may someday help researchers create better artificial arms and legs that give new freedom to people who lack them. The new knowledge might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space.“Designing robots that can adapt to changing environments and can compensate(补偿) fordamage has been a difficult problem,” says neuroscientist Olaf Sporns of In diana University in Bloomington. “This work provides a new way toward solving this important problem.”74.The purpose of the author to write this article is to ________.A. introduce a new robot that will not dieB. discuss science fiction and new inventionC. recommend the latest inventionD. explain the relationship between robot and medicine75.It can be learnt from the passage that ________.A. animals have no sense of place in spaceB. people have difficulty in figuring out how to get to his destinationC. scientists don’t understand people’s ability of locationD. scientists want to know where people and animals are going76. What’s the most important characteristic of the new rob ot?A. Its shape is like a spider with four legs.B. It can repair itself and move again after damaged.C. It is operated by its inside computer.D. It is certain to change the direction when damaged.77.We can infer from the view of Professor Skehan that ________.A. the new technology will help people have a better sense of spaceB. the new technology will help people grow new arms and legsC. designing robots can help to be adaptable to the changing of the environmentD. the new technology will have some medical benefitsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.With 26 British prime ministers, 58 Nobel prize winners, over 150 Olympic medals and a "notable alumni" list that reads like a historical hall of fame, the institutions of Oxford and Cambridge – collectively known as Oxbridge – are seen, by many, as the dream alma mater(母校).However, as admission season dawns, and the October 15 deadline for Oxbridge inches ever closer, many students may wonder what makes the UK's top two institutions so special. Why does Oxbridge symbolize the academic dream for so many? Do the universities deserve the reputation they hold in the minds of so many teenagers, parents and academics?There is no doubt that both Oxford and Cambridge have a long standing history of academia. Yet, what is often overlooked is the strong reputation of countless other universities in the UK.A simple click on Google can tell students that the London School of Economics and Political Sciences, for example, has over 18 Nobel Prize winners and 50 world leaders. University College London attracts students from 150 countries and has exchange and research links with nearly 300 overseas universities. Manchester University has thelargest student union of all UK universities and boasts alumni such as Niels Bohr and James Chadwick.I suddenly realized the Oxbridge effect when I was out in London with friends. I met some new people and was surprised by their reaction when I told them I was going to study at Cambridge. One person even got down on one knee and kissed my hand. From then on, I told people I was going on a gap year. Although I knew that Oxbridge provides a good education, I had never expected to get such extreme reactions. It was this that made me start to feel uncomfortable about the way that Oxbridge is viewed. The Cambridge Tab, the university's student newspaper, has argued that what makes Cambridge special is the fact that the students are told that they are unique and a cut above the rest, so they believe it. Ron Weasley never took the Felix Felicis potion that Harry Potter pretended to give him – all he had to do to win the Quidditch match was to believe he was great.For students applying now, yes, you will receive a world class education at Oxbridge, but you will find the same at numerous other universities throughout the country. Every time you hear about the brilliance of Oxbridge, consider that just because many believe, it does not have to be so.78. The examples of the London School of Economics and Political Sciences, University College London and Manchester University serve to illustrate the point that _________________________________in the UK.79.According to the passage, we can find that people ___________________ the students at the Oxbridge.80. How did the writer avoid over-reaction from people to her admission into Cambridge?_____________________________________________________________________ _81. What is the writer’s suggestion to students applying to universities?_____________________________________________________________________ __I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets.82.要不了多久，他们就会同意我们出版这本针对年龄为6-12岁孩子的书了。