人类许多药物的研究得益于对其它 生物的研究
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读书破万卷，下笔如有神--杜甫
• 人类许多药物的 研究得益于对其 它生物的研究
类似基因
• Development of the large compound eyes in fruit flies requires a gene called eyeless Flies with inactivated eyeless genes lack eyes.
• Proteins Give Cells Structure and Perform Most Cellular Tasks • Nucleic Acids Carry Coded Information for Making Proteins at the Right Time
and Place
• Normal human eyes require the human gene, called Pax6, that corresponds to eyeless.
• People lacking adequate Pax6 function have the genetic disease aniridia(无 虹膜)
1 生命源于细胞
1.1 细胞共性与多样 性 1.2 细胞内分子 1.3 细胞的作用 1.4 基因的进化
A single ~200 micrometer (µm) cell, the human egg, with sperm, which are also single cells. From the union of an egg and sperm will arise the 10 trillion cells of a human body. [Photo Researchers, Inc.]
1.1 细胞的共性和多样性
不同生物的尺寸
Prokaryotic cells have a simpler internal organization than eukaryotic cells
1.2 细胞内分子
• Small Molecules Carry Energy (ATP), Transmit Signals (hormone), and Are Linked into Macromolecules (polysaccharides)
Nucleic Acids Carry Coded Information for Making Proteins at the Right Time and Place
• DNA consists of two complementary strands wound around each other to form a double helix.
1.3 细胞的作用
• 胞内分子的生产和调节 • 细胞感应和传递信息 • 细胞调节基因表达 • 细胞的生长和分裂 • 细胞死亡
细胞感应和传递信息
细胞的生长和分裂
细胞死亡
• 破坏性损伤 • 细胞自然凋亡
1.4பைடு நூலகம்基因的进化
• 人类和其他动物 控制发育的很多 基因是非常相似 的
• 达尔文有关生物 进化的观点都与 基因有关