所谓“定语”,就是能起到修饰、限定、解释说明作用的语言,例如,形容词是定语,定语从句也是定语。
由于一些分词或分词短语置于被修饰对象的后面,所以称作“后置定语”。
现在分词和过去分词都可以做后置定语。
(1)被修饰的名词与作定语的动词为主动关系,表示该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生,或是经常发生的行为时,用现在分词做定语。
例如:
The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那里的女孩是我姐姐。
The people waiting for the bus are talking with each other. 正在等公车的人们在相互交谈。
注意;分词短语作后置定语时可以改写成定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is my sister.
The people who are waiting for the bus are talking with each other.
(2)如果名词与作定语的动词为被动关系时,则定语有下列三种形式:
a. 如果动作已发生或经常的行为,用done。
例如:The house built there is mine. 建在那儿的房子是我的。
转为定语从句:The house which was built there is mine.
b. 如果动作正在进行,用being done。
例如:The house being built there is mine.正在那儿建造的房子是我的。
转为定语从句:The house which is being built there is mine.
c. 如果动作未发生,用to be done。
例如:The house to be built there is mine.将要在那儿建起来的房子是我的。
转为定语从句:The house which is to be built there is mine.。