❖ 汉语为语义型语言，注重内容的意会性。其句法特征是意合： 主语可由诸多不同类别的词语充当，主语隐含不显或无主语 句的情况常见；谓语成分复杂，且不受主语支配，没有人称、 数、时态的变化；句与句之间多无明示逻辑关系的连接词。 所以汉语句子看似松散，如流水般无定法可依。
❖ 英语为语法型语言，重点研究主谓序列及其相关词类，句子 结构受形式逻辑制约。其句法特征是形合：即主语突出，易 于识别，且只能由名词或名词性的词语担任；谓语绝对受主 语的支配，在人称和数上面必须和主语保持一致，有时态、 语态和语气的变化；句与句之间多以明示逻辑关系的连接词 相联。所以英语依法构句，形式完整而严密。
with, contact with) them. When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never tell whether or not it bears any
nuts until you dig it up.
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❖ 汉译英时主语确定
1 以原文主语作为译文主语； 当汉语原文有明确的主语，而且该主语由名词
To promote China-U.S. relations, China needs to know the United States better and vice versa. （省重复） 4、将右腿提放20次。再将左腿提放20次。
Lift and lower the right leg 20 times.The same to the left leg. Then the same with the left leg. Repeat the same as the
▪ 的。”他欣然答应了，……（艾青） ▪ I wanted him to paint me something he’d
never painted before. When I asked him, he readily agreed.
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7、你们偶然看▪ The garden was a paradise on earth, which is full of super abundant finest rice and top noodles, silks and satins that are too many to wear, jewellery that is more than you can spend.
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汉语句子中主语可由不同类型的词语充当，主语隐 含或无主语的情况时有发生。
例如： 宿舍门口今天停满了小汽车。 星期天下大雪。 在桌子上有两本字典。 绿油油的草地上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。
必须对党员，特别是领导干部要严格要求，严格 管理，严格监督。 起大风了。
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英语句子则主语突出，易于识别，且只能由名词或名 词性词语或主格人称代词充当。
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5、我们都喜欢博得掌声，听到恭维，或者受 到称赞。
We are fond of applausing, hearing compliments and praising.
We all enjoy applause, compliments and praise.（省动词）
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▪ 6）我想要他画一张他没有画过的画，我说 ：“你给我画一张册页，从来没有画过
▪ The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent. （减词）
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3、为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美 国也需要进一步了解中国。
在英语里，除祈使句等外，句子必须要有主语，否则 就不成句子。
We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned.
Despite the serious damage in flooding, China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide efforts to deal with flooding.
触它才能知道。 （《落花生》）
When you come upon a peanut plant growing in the soil, you can never
immediately recognize whether it bears any nuts until you touch (get in touch
句子翻译
之 主语确定
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1、他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨，重新做人。 He determined to start a new life (change to
be a new man). He was determined to turn over a new leaf.（
省重复）
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▪ 2、花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了 的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完 的金银财宝。（周而复；上海的早晨）
The first and basic experience gained in our financial work over the last years was that it is correct to secure supplies through economic growth.
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汉英句子比较
left leg. The left is the same as the right. Lift and lower the right leg 20 times, as well as the left leg.
Lift and lower the right leg 20 times. Repeat with the left leg. （省重复）