Lesson 3 At war with the planet1. What people do may intentionally cause droughts, floods and heat waves.2.But this image, now repeatedly thrust before us in photographs, posters, and advertisements, is misleading.The Earth we see in photos, posters, and ads, which appears so beautiful, is not the true reflection of the world we live in; such image lulls us into complacency.3.The techno sphere has become sufficiently large and intense to alter the natural processes that govern the ecosphere.Human activities have taken place over such large areas and with such intensity that they have already caused disastrous effects on ecology.4....which could establish it only because it fitted properly into the preexisting system?The fish could play its role because it became a necessary link with the processes preceding it and the processes following it in the ecological system.5.Defined so narrowly, it is no surprise that cars have properties that are hostile to their environment.When cars are produced to serve such narrow purposes, it is not surprising that some of their characteristic qualities are harmful to the environment.22. Yields rose, but not in proportion to the rate of fertilizer application...The farmer applied more and more fertilizer, and the production did rise but did not increase at the same rate of the fertilizer.23...their waste is flushed into the sewer system altered in composition but not in amount at treatment plant...People eat plants and animals, and their waste is flushed into the sewer system. After being processed, the waste is still waste. The residue will go into rivers, oceans, and will have harmful effect on the aquatic ecosystem.24. Left to their own devices, ecosystems are conservative...If the ecosystems are not upset by outside intrusion, they will remain the same with very little change25. In contrast to the ecosphere, the techno sphere is composed of objects and materials that reflect a rapid and relentless process of change and variation.The characteristics of the objects and materials in the techno sphere are rapid change and great variety.26. But this is done only at the cost of understanding.If we take side in the war of the two words, we are doing so at the risk of failing to have a clear understanding of the nature and cause of the war, thus, we lose the chance to really solve the grave environmental crisis.Lesson4 nettles27.How all my own territory would be altered, ad if a landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.The impact of Mike's leaving on my life was beyond my imagination. I didn't expect that Mike's leaving would have such a tremendous power that it would change themeaning of my existence completely. All my thoughts were about loss of Mike.28.During that time of life that is supposed to be a reproductive daze, with the woman's mind all swamped by maternal juices, we were still compelled to discuss Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and "The Cocktail Party".At that time, we were young mothers, and we were supposed to lead a terribly busy life full of confusion and bewilderment caused by giving birth to and raising babies. And our minds were supposed to be fully occupied by how to feed the babies and things like that. However, In the midst of all this we still felt the need to discuss some of the important thinkers of our time like Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and T.S.Eliot's sophisticated work” The Cocktail Party".29....I would be frightened, not of any hostility but of a kind of nonexistence.I would be frightened, and my fear was not caused by my neighbor's visibly hostile and violent way of life, but by a kind of formless and hidden emptiness and meaninglessness of human existence. What happened around me was totally irrelevant to me, and I felt very isolated and alienated.30.She did not ask me---was it delicacy or disapproval? ---about my new life.She did not ask me about my new life, either out of subtle consideration for my feeling about this sensitive subject or out of disapproval for my new life style.31.It would be a sleazy thing to do, in the house of his friends.It would be a morally low thing, an indecent thing to commit infidelity in the house of a friend.32.I knew now that he was a person who had hit rock bottom.I knew that he was a person who had experienced the worst in life, the hardest experience a person might have to endure.33.He and wife knew that together and it bound them, as something like that would either break you apart or bind you, for life.They experienced the worst together and they knew what it was like and understood the meaning of that experience. Such an experience posed the gravest test to people. If they stood the test, their friendship or marriage would be strengthened, and a sacred bondage would be formed between them. But if they failed the test, their relationship would be broken and they would flow on gently and34.Not risking a thing yet staying alive as a sweet trickle, an underground resource. With the weight of this now stillness on it, this seal.If they acted on love, they would take risks. They wouldn't do that or go further in their relationship, but they would rather let their love remain as a sweet trickle, which would flow on gently and...Lesson 5 the One against the Many1....the national rejection of dogmatic preconceptions about the nature of the social and economic order1.There are such prejudices in an arrogant manner about the characteristic of the social order and economic order and they take it for granted. The country just rejected such prejudice.2 Nor can one suggest that Americans have been consistently vulnerability tosecular ideology ever after2.No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding, preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas.3..and any intellect so shaped was ...ever afterA mind influenced by Calvinist theology would surely find it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking.4.Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid...experiencePragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is not completely free from experience, that is to say, abstract ideas have a place in pragmatism just as experience has a role in ideology.5.As an ideologist, however, Jefferson....historical curiosityAs a man following a fixed set of beliefs, Jefferson is only an interesting historical figure. His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present-day reality.6....whose central dogma is confided to the custody of an infallible priesthood Their central beliefs are imprisoned by the whole body of priests who are always effective.7....where free men may find partial truths, but where ...on Absolute TruthIn this universe a person whose mind is unconstrained may be able to discover relation truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only truth.8.But ideology is a drug; no matter how ...it still persists.Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic. In spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience, people still long to commit them to ideology. 9....the only certainty in an.....abuseThe only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power.10. The distinctive human triumph...lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of human striving ...nonethelessThe most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try, they cannot achieve Absolute truth, yet they continue to make great efforts and refuse to give upLesson6 Death of a pig1. It is a tragedy enacted on most farms with ...The murder, being premeditated, is in the first degree. And the smoked bacon and ham provide...questionedThe tragedy has an ending---the killing of a pig and the serving of its meat. The killing deliberately planned and carried out efficiently, is the most type of murder. However, whether pigs should end their lives that way has never been questioned.1.A pig couldn't ask for anything better or none has, at any rateA pig could not ask for any better living conditions; at least no pig has ever complained. In a word, my pig lived in a pleasant environment2.You could see him down there at all hours, his white face parting (i)stethoscope dangling ...and grinning his corrosive grinFred was quite excited about the event. He was down at the pigpen all the time. Because of his swollen joints, he moved about unsteadily. His face set apart the grassalong the fence as he moved about. He was like a doctor, with his long, drooping ears dangling like a stethoscope, and he scrabbled on the ground as if he were prescribing some medicine.3.When the enema bag appeared, and the bucket of warm suds, his happiness...full charge of the irrigationWhen it was time to dose the pig, Fred became even more excited, and he managed to get through the fence, and acted as if he was taking charge of the medical treatment. 4....and the premature expiration of a pig is...a sorrow in which it feels fully involvedIf a pig dies before he is supposed to, it is a serious matter for the whole community to remember. The whole community would share the sadness for his death.5.I have written this account in penitence and in grief, as a man who...and to explain my...so many raised pigsThe purpose of this essay is to show that I am sorry for what has happened to my pig, since I have failed to raise the pig and cannot provide a reason why my pig could didn't grow the way other pigs have grown.6.The grave in the woods is unmarked, but ...and I know he and I...on flagless...own choosingThe pig's grave in the woods doesn't have a tombstone, but whenever somebody wants to visit it, Fred will show him the way. I know we will often visit it, separate or together, when we need to ponder over problems or when we are depressed. Lesson 7 Inaugural address1.For man holds in his mortal hands....and all forms of human life.As a result of technological development, human beings now have the power to put an end to poverty and human misery, but at the same time they also possess the power to destroy the whole world, rendering it uninhabitable and lifeless.2....unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights...We do not want to see or to allow the slow destruction of those human rights.3.To those peoples in the huts and villages of half.....of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves...To the people of the underdeveloped countries living in poverty in rural areas, we are committed to helping them to rid themselves of mass poverty by their own efforts.4.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. But we should not let any communist power take advantage of this alliance for progress to expand its influence.5.And let every other power know that this....of its own house.We want to make clear to the communist powers that Americas are the Americas of the Americans. Do not attempt to penetrate into this area.6....before the dark powers of destruction..... Or accidental self-destruction.Before the world is destroyed by a nuclear war launched in a preemptive attack or caused by accident.7....yet both rating to alter the uncertain...of mankind's final war.Yet both sides attempt to get an edge in the nuclear arms race so as to break themutual deterrence which has so far prevented the outbreak of a nuclear war. 8....civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.To be ready to negotiate and establish friendly relations does not mean that we are weak or afraid. Declarations of sincere intention have to be tested by actions.9.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.Let the two sides use the fruits of science for the benefit of humanity rather than using high-tech weapons to kill and destroy.10....each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.1.There have been occasions for each generation of Americans to be called upon to fight and die for their country.Lesson 9 The Bluest Eyes1. This is perhaps because they only have places of birth, but no place where they feel at home and which they identify themselves with. But these girls are strongly influenced by their home towns, and the influence stays with them forever even after they leave their home towns.2. The brown girls try hard to repress their emotions and passions. However, these natural human emotions cannot be wiped out totally. Sometimes they will emerge and burst out. And they will develop, become stronger and stay with them. So whenever and wherever this funk bursts out, the brown girls will do their best to stifle it.3. If his needs were physical, she could meet them. She could make him comfortable and give him enough or ever more than enough to satisfy his physical needs.4. Geraldine had seen black girls like Pecola at many places and many times in the past.5. On the one hand, they (girls like Pecola) were ignorant and uncomprehending. They did not ask question why their lives were so miserable. On the other hand, as they were poverty-stricken and practically had nothing, their eyes revealed their desire for anything that could make their lives easier.6. In the eyes of these girls one can see that they were in despair, without any hope for the future, and that their life was nothing but a waste.7. As the girls were growing into young women, they had never worn girdles to make their figure look slimmer, and thus more elegant; and when the boy grew up, they just began to wear their caps with the bills turned backward to indicate that they had become adults.Unit31.我们一直在滥用这股强大的力量，就像传说中的魔术师的师弟一样，并没有意识到我们的这种行为很可能会导致灾难性的后果2.即使全球变暖这种灾害永不发生，即使臭氧层空洞仍然只是一种深奥的极地现象，人类的活动已经极大地的改变了全球的条件，这些也许是用照相机拍不出来的3.与生态圈相反，技术圈是由线性流程决定4.现在技术圈运作的能源主要是矿物燃料，一旦用完，永不再生5.尼龙不能进行生物分解—也就是说，现存的有机物中还没有发现哪种酶可以分解尼龙6.~~有生命的东西创造了一系列对生命至关重要的有限但独立的物质和反应7.免费的午餐实际上是一种负债，在技术圈中，债务是指已承认但尚未归还的欠款8.当债务以技术圈制造的环境污染的形式出现，然后又转嫁到生态圈，这种债务将无法消除，造成破坏是不可避免的。