英汉篇章的翻译
汉语段落
主题句不明显 段尾可引出新主题
现在的写作已不再是一些专门家的事情,而是越来越 社会化、生活化,这当然很好。“作家”如今更多地 被赋予职业的意义,它标明的仅仅是一个职业而已。 只要是写了一点作品、或者有这个努力和爱好的,都 被他视和自视为“作家”。与其他行当和职业不同, 如从来没有把股长或科长厅长说成是政治家,也没有 把一个在部队干的人叫成军事家。作家在职业的意义 上被如此轻浮地界定,事出有因。所以现在,妓女、 商人、政客、主持人、艺人、杀人犯、道德家,无论 各行各业的人都可以因为自己的理由去写作,并产生 卖点,成为“名作家”。从商品社会里看,这很正常。 美国一个杀人犯,出来后把杀人的过程写出来,畅销 并已致富。原来此刻一切都是为了卖,能卖即是成功。
First, context is very important to
understanding
intercultural
communication. There are two
ways individuals use context in
communication: one is low-context
张炜:精神的背景——消费时代的写作和出版
——2003年8月在烟台出版咨询年会上的发言
9.1.2 英汉篇章结构对比
英语篇章:
汉语篇章:
主题----段落
(层层递进;直线 展开)
不同层面,同一论点, (螺旋形上升)
英语篇章
Intercultural communication is an interdisciplinary field of study which incorporates research from disciplines such as social psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, socio-linguistics, and, of course, communication. One of the most important areas of research addressed by intercultural scholars is how misunderstandings can be minimized when people communicate with others from different cultures.
第九章:英汉篇章的翻译
9.1英汉篇章对比
英语篇章: 开门见山,直奔主题 章法:introduction
bHale Waihona Puke dy汉语篇章: 迂回曲折,委婉含蓄。 章法:起承转合
conclusion
9.1.1 英汉段落结构对比
英语段落:
key sentence
key sentence
by example by space by contrast
译文
不同文化之间的交流是一门跨学科的研究 科目,它综合研究社会心理学、社会学、人文 人类学、社会语言学以及传播学等学科。研究 不同文化之间交流的学问,最重要的研究课题 之一就是不同文化背景的人交往的时候,如何 尽可能减少误解。
首先,了解背景情况对不同文化之间的交 流非常重要。人与人之间的交往有两种情况: 一种是外向的,另一种是含蓄的。
and the other is high-context.
Low-context communication is like a computer program; everything must be specified in the coded message or the computer program will not run. In a lowcontext culture like the United States, individuals must express themselves as explicitly as possible for effective communication to occur. high-context communication, in contrast, is like communication between twins who were raised together. Twins intuitively understand each other and use shortened sentences and words when they talk.
续
外向的就象是计算机的程序,一切都按 照编好的程序进行,否则就运转不了。 美国的文化是外向型的,美国人表达自 己思想的时候尽可能简单明了,以有利 于传播或交流。与此相反的是同含蓄的 人交流,这种交流就象是在一起的孪生 兄弟姐妹之间的交往。因为他们心领神 会,谈话时只需简短的句子和言词。
by cause and effect
例证方式展开
Many examples of a connection between “right” and “straight” can be found. In Mexican Spanish you indicate straight (ahead) by saying “right right”; in Black American English, “right on” is an expression of approval, often for a sentiment eloquently or deftly phrased. “Straight” meaning conventional, “correct” or “proper” is a commonplace in colloquial English today. In Russian, right is “prava”, a cognate of “pravda”, which means “true”. And in many languages “true” has the additional meaning of “straight” or “accurate”, as in “his aim was