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文档之家› 20140624 椎基底动脉扩张延长症(VBD)的影像学及临床研究进展
20140624 椎基底动脉扩张延长症(VBD)的影像学及临床研究进展
• 6. Kim BM, Kim SH, Kim DI, et al. Outcomes and prognostic factors of intracranial unruptured vertebrobasilar artery dissection. Neurology. 2011;76: 1735-1741. • 7. Kim CH, Son YJ, Paek SH, et al. Clinical analysis of vertebrobasilar dissection. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006;148: 395-404. • 8. Tan LA, Moftakhar R, Lopes DK. Treatment of a ruptured vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysm using pipeline embolization device. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2013;15: 30-33. • 9. Campos WK, Guasti AA, da Silva BF, Guasti JA. Trigeminal Neuralgia due to Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2012;2012: 367304. • 10. Kang JH, Kang DW, Chung SS, Chang JW. The effect of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2012;52: 85-91.
Passero SG , Calchetti B , Bartalini S .Intracranial Bleeding in patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia Stroke , 2005 , 36:1421-1425.
影像学检查
• • • • CT平扫:误、漏诊率高。 DSA:有创。 MRA:清晰。 MS 3D-CTA:首选。
Arthur de Azambuja Pereira Filho. Brainstem compression syndrome caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia.Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2008;66(2-B):408-411
M,48
Ubogu EE, Zaidat OO. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography and risk of stroke and death. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75: 22-26.
流行病学
• VBD在总体人群中的发生率为0.06%~5.8% ,在卒中患者的发生率高达10%~12%。 • Pico等对466例VBD患者进行的中位随访时 间为5.3年的研究显示:
• 直径>4.3 mm是卒中的高危因素; • VBD也是致死性卒中的独立危险因素; • BA直径每增加1.0 mm,卒中的致死风险增高1.23倍。
Ubogu、Zaidat:MRA诊断标准
• 扩张:BA直径≥4.5 mm VA直径≥ 4 mm(Passero、Rossi) • 延长:BA上段超过鞍上池或床突平面6 mm以上 ,或BA长度>29.5 mm,VA颅内段长度>23.5 mm • 迂曲:BA横向偏离超过起始点至分叉之间垂直连 线1mm或位臵在鞍背或斜坡的旁正中至边缘间以 外,而VA任意一支偏离超过椎动脉颅内入口到 基底动脉起始点之间连线10 mm为异常。
BA偏移分级
BA延长(高度)分级
BA高度分级评分
鞍背以下:0
鞍上池以下:1
第三脑室层面:3
鞍上池层面:1
第三脑室层面:3
BA偏移分级评分
正中线上:0
旁正中线与边缘间:2
M,65, trigeminal neuralgia for 4 months
治疗
• 以对症治疗和脑保护治疗为主
• 内科治疗:抗凝、抗血小板聚集、降压、 降糖、调脂等控制危险因素以预防缺血性 卒中的发生 • 外科治疗:微血管减压复位术、腔内血管 重建术、动脉瘤夹闭术等。
正常解剖
基底动脉(basilar artery,BA) • 由左右两条椎动脉在脑桥下缘汇合而成 • 向上行于脑桥基底沟中 • 全长3cm,宽1.5—4mm • 至约左右动眼神经根之间分为左右大脑后 动脉(鞍背平面上6mm内,鞍上池下方)
左侧椎动脉造影前后位
1.基底动脉 2.脑桥动脉 3.左小脑后下动脉(PICA) 4.右AICA-PICA干 5.左小脑前下动脉(AICA)
M.O., medulla oblongata; P, posterior inferior cerebellar artery; V.A., Vertebral artery; XII, hypoglossal nerve; X, vagus nerve.
microvascular repositioning technique.
59,M,severe headache, without neurological deficit
Kim CH, Son YJ, Paek SH, et al. Clinical analysis of vertebrobasilar dissection. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006;148: 395-404.
73,M
Tan LA, Moftakhar R, Lopes DK. Treatment of a ruptured vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysm using pipeline embolization device. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2013;15: 30-33.
参考文献
• 1. Smoker WR, Corbett JJ, Gentry LR, Keyes WD, Price MJ, McKusker S. High-resolution computed tomography of the basilar artery: 2. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: clinical-pathologic correlation and review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1986;7: 61-72. • 2. Savitz SI, Caplan LR. Vertebrobasilar disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352: 2618-2626. • 3. Pico F, Labreuche J, Gourfinkel-An I, Amarenco P, Investigators G. Basilar artery diameter and 5-year mortality in patients with stroke. Stroke. 2006;37: 2342-2347. • 4. Ubogu EE, Zaidat OO. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography and risk of stroke and death: a cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75: 22-26. • 5. Lin YW, Chen CH, Lai ML. The dilemma of treating vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Clin Pract. 2012;2: e84.
内弹力膜的广泛缺陷及中膜网状纤维的缺乏
• 机械压迫
脑脊液压力增高
• 血流动力学改变
血流变慢,状态紊乱
• 成功的VBD动物实验模型,人活体组织结 构变化? • 受压迫脑神经、脑干等病理结构和生理变 化? • 血流对迂曲血管切应力作用变化、流入和 流出道血流状态变化? • 组织血液灌注学和组织代谢学?
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
Post-embolization embolization of intracranial aneurysm
Kim CH, Son YJ, Paek SH, et al. Clinical analysis of vertebrobasilar dissection. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006;148: 395-404.
69,M, a left sid来自 facial spasm for 5 years.
Kang JH, Kang DW, Chung SS, Chang JW. The effect of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2012;52: 85-91.
• 2005年,Caplan对VBD的概念进行了修订。 取代了既往“椎基底动脉系统迂曲”、 “椎基底动脉延长扩张”、“巨大延长的动脉 瘤畸形、动脉变异及梭形动脉瘤”等术语。
1. Smoker WR, Corbett JJ, Gentry LR, Keyes WD, Price MJ, McKusker S. High-resolution computed tomography of the basilar artery: 2. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: clinical-pathologic correlation and review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1986;7: 61-72. 2. 2. Savitz SI, Caplan LR. Vertebrobasilar disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352: 2618-2626.