元音和辅音字母组合的发音
26个英文字母
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg
Hh I i Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn
Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt
Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
英语国际音标:
1.元音音标(20)
长元音/ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/ /i:/ /U:/
短元音/ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/
双元音/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/
2.辅音音标(28)
清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /ts/ /tr/ /h/ 浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dz/ /dr/ /r/ 鼻音/m/ /n/ /ŋ/
半元音/j/ /w/
边音/ǀ/
字母与音标的关系？
是对应发音关系，一定的字母对应相应的发音音标。
元音字母发元音音标的音，辅音字母发辅音音标的音。
英语音节种类
❶闭音节
以一个元音字母加一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾的音节。
例如but ，cat ，pig ，pen ，dog ，math，plant，tell，test等。
❷开音节
开音节又分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。
由一个元音字母结尾的音节为绝对开音节。
例如：no，I，me，my，be等。
以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(r除外)再加一个不发音的字母e结尾的音节为相对开音节
例如：name，time，grade，game，rose，like ,use等。
❸字母组合音节
含有一个元音字母组合的音节
例如：bee，bear，easy，how ，small，about等。
元音字母Aa ，Ee ，Ii ，Oo ，Uu 的发音
元音字母Aa ， Ee ， Ii ，Oo ，Uu 在开音节中发字母表中的音 /e ɪ/ /i:/ /a ɪ/ /əʊ/ /jU:/ 在闭音节中发短元音 /æ/ /e/ /ɪ/ /ɒ/ /ʌ/ /e ɪ/ name late same sale take table 开音节 /æ/ map cap math black fat thank 闭音节 /i:/ he me she we these 开音节
/e/ bed egg help pen desk next 闭音节 /a ɪ/ like nice time price nine lie 开音节 /ɪ/ hit big trip with thing ship 闭音节 /əʊ/ no so go those nose stone 开音节
/ɒ/ box dog clock lost sock hot 闭音节 /jU:/ use excuse blue june 开音节
/ʌ/ but cup fun lunch must much 闭音节
a 的特殊发音
/ɒ/ watch what want /ɑ:/ after father O 的特殊发音
/ʌ/ come love son brother mother
a
e
i
o
u
辅音字母发音：
辅音字母一般发和它形状一样的辅音音标的音。
b/b/ bat ball black d /d/ dad date read
f /f/ father fun full h/h/ head happy hot
k/k/ key book week l /ǀ/ look like July
m /m/ map math game n/n/ need name not
p/p/ pen party cup r /r/ red rice bread
t/t/ tape table set v/v/ very have vegetable w /w/ week well watch z /z/ zero zoo size
g/g/ good go big s/s/ some sister sock /dʒ/ orange geography /z/ his always use
j /dʒ/ July jacket subject y/j/ yes your yellow
c /k/ cook can music x /ks/ box six excuse
/s/ rice city pencil /gz/ exam example
常见元音字母组合及发音：
al /ɔ:/ all ball call small talk walk /e ɪ/ day May play say way
/ɪ/ Monday Tuesday Friday Saturday Sunday ai /e ɪ/ wait rain paint train
/ɑ:/ art car card party March star
/ɔ:/ warm quarter quarrel air /e ə/ air hair chair stairs aw /ɔ:/ draw paw
as 或ass /ɑ:s / class glass pass ask last /i:/ eat please speak easy teacher tea ea /e/ head bread healthy sweater measure
/e ɪ/ great break
ee /i:/ beef meet green need see three fifteen
/ɜ:/ her hers term
/ə/ sister mother father under dinner
/ɪə/ ear dear near hear clear ear /ɜ:/ learn earth heard
/e ə/ bear pear
a
a
e
eer /ɪə/ beer deer Meer peer cheer
/ɪə/ here
/e ə/ there where
/i:/ key monkey
/e ɪ/ they hey grey
igh /a ɪ/ light bright right flight tight ir
/ɜ:(r)/ first girl shirt skirt third birthday
ie /i:/ piece believe cookie field oa /əʊ/ road coat boat goat soap /U:/ cool food room school too boot oo /ʊ/ book good look foot classroom
/ʌ/ blood flood
/ɔ:(r)/ short sport morning for store
or /ɜ:(r)/ word work world worst /ə/ doctor actor auth or tractor
/a ʊ/ found cloud sound about trousers
/U:/ soup group coup
/a ʊ/ how now brown cow flower
/əʊ/ low show window slow
er
o
o e
oy /ɔɪ/ boy toy oor / /ɔ:(r)/ floor door
/ʊə/ poor boor moor
ur /ɜ:(r)/ nurse turn purple burger Thursday
/ʃən/ 或/ʃn/ station attention population collection
/t ʃən/或 /t ʃn/ question
sion /n/或/ʃn/ discussion expression profession
/ʒən/或 /ʒn/ television
ture /t ʃə/ picture nature culture temperature future sure /ʒə/ measure pleasure treasure
oo
si
ti
常见辅音字母组合及发音：
ch /tʃ/ chair teacher March
tch /tʃ/ watch match catch
sh /ʃ/ fish sheep shoe
wh /w/ what while when
/h/ who whose whole
wr /r/ write wrong writer
tr /tr/ tree strawberry trousers dr /dr/ draw drink children
qu /kw/ quilt queen question
ph /f/ ph one photo geography kn /n/ knee know knife
th /θ/ thank thing math
/ð/ that this brother
ck /k/ black Jack chicken
ts /ts/ bats hats habits
ds /dz/ beds cards sounds ng /ŋ/ long sing morning
nk / ŋ k / think thank Frank。