Unit 9语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解基本概念: 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is th^ouse where h e lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who （宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系畐寸词包括where, when，why 等。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。

三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法时不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

（that 作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

（that作宾语）2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarkets 于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

(作主语)The film (which) we saw last ni ght was won derful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。

(作宾语)3. who, whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。

在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。

例如：The girl who ofte n helps me with my En glish is from En gla nd.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。

(作主语)Who is the teacher (whom) Li Mi ng is talki ng to ?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用介词+which/whom”结构。

例如：This is the house in which we lived last year这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the En glish no vel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。

例如：This is the pers on whom you are look ing for.这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。

例如：The city that she lives in is very far awa y她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first pers on that passed the exam他是第一个通过考试的人。

b. 被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none, the one 等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a. 先行词为that, those时，用which, 而不用that例如：What ‘ s that which is under the desk在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。

它的先行词通常有:等例如：This is place where he works这是他工作的地点。

注意：先行词表示地点，不一定都用Where引导定语从句一般来说,英语学习者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念：在定语从句中，如果先行词是表示地点的名词(如place等),就用关系副词where引导定语从句。

这种想法是错误的。

如果定语从句不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少地点状语，便用where来引导;如果定语从句不缺少状语，而是缺少主语或宾语，则要用关系代词(which或that)来引导，以补足定语从句中所缺失的主语或宾语如1.ln an hour, we can travel to places would have take n our an cestors days to reach.A. whereB. whe nC. whichD. what2. This is the town __ I wan ted to visit most.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. what3. This is the tow n __ I was born.A. whereB. whe nC. whichD. what4.I ' ve neveeen to Beijing, but its the place ____A. where I ' like to visitB. in which I ' Hke to visitC. I most want to visitD. that I want to visit it most(3) why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。

它的先行词只有reason例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

1这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:whe n = on (in, at, during .... )+which;where=in (at, o ..... ) + which;why = for which. 例如:I was in Beiji ng on the day whe n (=on which) he arrived.The office where(=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.练习题I. 单项填空1. -Do you know the man _____ is talking with your father？-Yes，he ‘ s our headmaster.A. heB. whoC. whichD. whom2. Is this the river ____ I can swim?A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city ____ I know.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. it4. Can you lend me the dictio nary ____ the other dayA. that you boughtB. you bought itC. that you bought itD. which you bought it5. Anyone _____ with what I said may put up you han ds.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree6. My watch is not the only thi ng _____ is miss ing.A. thatB. itC. which who7. The man ____ coat is black is wait ing at the gateA. who 'sB. whoseC. that of which.8. The girl is read ing un der the tree my sister.A. which ；isB. whom ；wasC. who；isD. who ；was9. I love places the people are really frien dly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who10. The world is made up of matter.A. in that we liveB. on which we liveC. where we live inD. we live inU、用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。

1. The first thi ng ____ you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day ___ is called April Fool ' s Day in the west.3. The family _____ h ad lost everyth ing in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house ____ w e live in is very old.5. Didn ' t you see the man _______ I talked with just now川、根据句意，在横线处填上恰当的关系代词。