语法七大语法考试重点一独立主格（一）：独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。

（二）独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.This done, we went home.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.He came into the room, his ears red with cold.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.二过去完成时1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。

2）用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.典型例题The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left注意：had no sooner… than刚…… 就……He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.三强调结构考试重点：强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…；强调句型用来强调状语。

一、强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…。

二、强调句型用来强调状语。

1、It was in that small room_____ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A. whereB. in whichC. which d. that2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _______she is respected by them.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who3、It was not until she arrived in class _________realized she had forgotten her book.A. and sheB. whenC. sheD. that she四情态动词考试重点：情态动词+完成时情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。

情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。

根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。

一、must +现在完成时表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。

1、Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have receivedB. must have failed to receiveC. must receiveD. must fail to receive2、I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have hadB. could have hadC. should have hadD. must have had二、should （ought to ）+完成时表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。

含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。

1、They have done things they ought _____.A. not to doB. not to be doneC. not to have doneD. not having done2、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.A. had a telephoneB. have phonedC. should have phonedD. should be phoned三、could +完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。

表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。

1、He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time.2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.五虚拟语气考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary（important）that引导的主语从句；It is time （that）…句型中。

一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language?A. spokeB. speakC. had spokenD. will speak3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. came二、if的省略形式在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were , had, should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。

1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized2、_____, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to usB. If they come to usC. Were they come to usD. Had they come to us三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。

常用with，without，but for。

1、Without your help, we _____ so much.A. didn’t achieveB. would not have achievedC. will not achieveD. don’t achieve2、But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday.A. should haveB. would have hadC. would haveD. will have had四、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。

表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语＋wish ＋从句（主语＋过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语＋wish +从句（主语＋过去完成时）；1、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could studyB. studiedC. had studiedD. would studyI didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.A. wereB. would beC. had beenD. will be五、would rather＋句子（过去时）1、I’d _____ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.A. ratherB. betterC. happierD. furtherI am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.A. comeB. would comeC. cameD. have come六、以as if，as though引导的从句在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。