Smart Grid Development Workshop, Yangzhou
Integrating Electric Vehicles into the Electric Grid 电动汽车与智能电网
陈实博士，通用汽车中国副总裁 Dr. David Chen Vice President, General Motors China July 1, 2009
Time 时间
Petroleum (Conventional & Alternative Sources) 石油 (传统和替代来源) Bio Fuels (Ethanol E85, Bio-diesel) 生物燃料 (乙醇E85，生物柴油) Electricity (Conventional & Alternative Sources) 电力(传统和替代来源) Hydrogen 氢
8
Will come to China in 2011 2011年驶入中国
9
Why is Electricity Attractive? 电动汽车的优势
• Energy diversity – reduce dependency on petroleum 应用多种能源，从而替代石油 • Off-peak capacity – no additional capacity required 利用低谷电，不必新增发电能力 • Lower GHG emission 减少温室气体排放 • Low cost per mile – benefit to customers 更低的“燃料”费用，吸引汽车用户 • Drive fun 更多的驾驶乐趣 • …
Mild Hybrid
5 models in production, including China. More in execution.
6 models in production. Next generation under development.
Strong Hybrid
Small & Affordable variant. In advanced execution stage. Propulsion system applicable to + models.
Fuel Cell
Several Proof-ofConcept prototypes.
7
GM E-Flex: Enable Energy Diversity E-Flex平台，实现能源多样化
• Common drivetrain system uses electricity created and stored on-board the vehicle 一套电驱动系统，可应用于不同的车载能源系统 – Advanced battery – Plug-in capable 先进电池 -可外接充电 – Generator by engine or hydrogen fuel cell – rangeextended 发电机-发动机或燃料电池 – 实现增程
Improved Vehicle Fuel Economy & Emissions 车辆燃油经 济性和排放的 改善
Displace Petroleum & Reduced CO2 Emissions 替代石油和 CO2减排
Energy Diversity 能源多样化
IC Engine and Transmission Improvements 内燃机和变速器改进
Voltec EREV
Launch in China in 2011. Future localization under consideration pending support and incentives. Demo program to capture feedback and learnings on going today. Research into commercial fuel cell technology being jointly performed in China.
U.S.
40,000
U.K
Million Tons (百万吨)
600 500 400 300 200
GDP Per Capita (us$)
Japan
30,000
20,000
10,000
China
0 200
China: 40 World average: 110 U.S.: 789
Russia
400 600 800 1000
Petroleum Fuels 石油燃料 Next Gen. Biofuels 第一、二代生物燃料 Synthetic fuels (XTL) 合成燃料
Syngas 合成气 CO, H2
Energy Carrier 能源载体
Liquid Fuels 液体燃料
能源多样化 -- 混合战略
Energy Carrier 能源载体
Liquid Fuels 液体燃料
Regional Niche
Energy Resource 能源来源
Oil (Conventional) 石油 （传统） Oil (Non-Conventional) 石油 （非传统）
Conversion 转化
100 0
Dom. Prod. (国产) OID (进口依存度)
Import (进口) Source: State Information Center
Energy security becomes a big concern 能源安全问题日益突出
2
Solving Energy for Transportation 交通能源的解决方案
10
EV & Electricity – Enable Energy Diversity 电动汽车是实现能源多样性的重要组成
Energy Resource 能源来源
Oil (Conventional) 石油 （传统） Oil (Non-Conventional) 石油 （非传统）
Conversion 转化
•
5
Advanced Propulsion Technology Strategy 前瞻性驱动技术战略
Hydrogen Fuel Cell 氢燃料电池电动汽车 Battery Electric vehicles (E-Flex) 动力电池电动汽车 (E-Flex) Hybrid Electric Vehicles (including Plug-In HEV) 混合动力电动汽车 （包括可外接充电HEV）
Range-Extended EV: 增程电动车 IC Engine/Fuel-Cell 内燃机/燃料电池 Battery Electric 电池电动汽车
Nuclear 核能
Hydrogen 氢能
Fuel-Cell Electric 燃料电池电动汽车
Battery 电池
Plug-In Hybrid ICE 外接充电式混合动力内燃机
Regional Niche ICE 地域性内燃机
Biomass 生物质 Natural Gas 天然气 Coal 煤
Gaseous Fuels 地域性气体燃料
(e.g. CNG)
ICE Hybrid 内燃机混合动力汽车
Electricity 电力
Renewables
可再生能源
(Solar, Wind, Hydro) （太阳能，风能，水能）
Petroleum Fuels 石油燃料 Next Gen. Biofuels 第一、二代生物燃料 Synthetic fuels (XTL) 合成燃料
Syngas 合成气 CO, H2
Propulsion System 驱动系统
Conventional ICE: Gasoline/Diesel 传统内燃机：汽油机/柴油机
Energy Usage 所需能源
Today
Efficiency 增效 Biofuelsn 氢
Petroleum Consumed
Time 时间
石油消耗
3
Energy Diversity – Blending Strategy
“Liquid Fuels/Electricity/Hydrogen” as the In-Vehicle Energy Carriers “液体燃料/电力/氢能”作为车内能源载体
6
Comprehensive Experience on Hybrids and Evs 通用汽车在电动汽车：经验与能力
2004
Micro Hybrid
2014
Several models planned.
China
Locally under development as a low-cost fuel economy enabler for wide-spread use. Buick LaCrosse (SGM18) is China’s first locally designed and developed hybrid entry. Next generation local models already in execution. Small & affordable derivative under development w/ local intent. Imported, luxury, models coming (i.e. Cadillac Escalade in 2009)
1
Challenge: Growing Demand vs. Energy Security 挑战：需求增长与能源安全
Vehicle Ownership 人均汽车保有量
50,000