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句子成分简析 之主语，宾语，谓语与表语
我们可以打个比方： 一个句子单从形式上来说，可以看成已经完工的建筑。 建成后的房子的构成部件有：门、窗、天花板、地板、墙等；
对应在句子里就组成部件就是：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状 语、补语、表语这些句子成分。
而具体房屋的组成部分如墙，天花板，地板，窗户，门等都是 由一定的材质如混凝土，钢筋，玻璃，铝合金等构成；
㈡谓语（ predicate ） 说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充 当，位于主语之后。
1. I saw the flag on the top of the hill. 2. He looked after two orphans. 3. It becomes warmer.
复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
(the+形容词)
5. They asked to leave.
（不定式）
6. I enjoy working with you.
（动名词）
7. I don’t know what he said.
（句子）
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语 指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物。
• He gave me some books.
对应在句子里就是句子成分是由一个个具体的不同词性的词、 短语或从句构成。
简单来说，句子由不同的句子成分组成，而不同的成分又由具 体的不同的词、短语或句子构成。
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分的名称叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。 主要成分:主语、谓语、宾语、补语(宾补和主补)、表语。 次要成分: 定语、状语、同位语。 极端情况下，一个词也可以是个句子，如
(三)宾语 句子动作所涉及的人或事物; 宾语承载了谓语所支配的人、物、 事的信息。
1. Show your passport, please.
（名词 ）
2. She didn't visit him.
( 代词）
3. How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)
4. They sent the injured to hospital.
（四）表 语
表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、代词、
副词、不定式、动名词，介词短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后。
1. The war was over.
(副词)
2. They seem to know the truth. (不定式)
3. Time is precious.
(形容词)
2. She went out in a hurry.
（代词）
3. Four plus four is eight.
（数词）
4. To see is to believe.
（动词不定式）
5. Smoking is bad for health.
（动名词）
6. The young should respect the old. （the+形容词）
7. What he has said is true.源自（句子）找出句中主语
1. The sun rises in the east. 2. Twenty years is a short time in history. 3. The poor are now living in the shelter. 4. Seeing is believing. 5. To see is to believe. 6. He likes dancing. 7. What he needs is a book.
4. I’m not quite myself today.
(代词)
5. That remains a puzzle. 6. I don’t feel at ease. 7. Her job is selling computers. 8. That is what he said.
(名词) (介词短语) (动名词) (句子)
Go！
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓
↓
↓
主谓 定 宾 同
地
时
语语 语 语 位
点
间
语
状
状
语
语
㈠主语（subject） 表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于 名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
1. Jane is good at playing the piano. （名词）
↓
↓
间接 直接
宾语 宾语
●Please pass me the book. ●He bought his friend some flowers.
找出句中的宾语
1. We often help him. 2. He likes to play basketball. 3. We enjoy listening to the music. 4. She said that he felt sick. 5. The story is about Mo Yan.
1. He can speak English well. 2. She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
找出句中谓语
1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired.
找出下列句中的表语
1. I am a teacher. 2. They are on the playground. 3. My job is teaching English. 4. It gets cold. 5. It sounds interesting.
常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smell等。