1. 按照结构划分，句子种类可分为简单句、并列句和复杂句。

⑪简单句（Simple Sentence）：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。

如：①You cannot make a crab walk straight.②Japanese people are experiencing and suffering from phantom quakes as well as other symptoms of “earthquake sickness.”⑫并列句（Compound Sentence）：由and，but，so，or，for等并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句，构成并列句。

如：①Take care of your field, and your field will take care of you.②China has been slow to adopt auto recall procedures similar to those in the West, but new regulations are in the works.③A fifth-grader in YuShu wants to become an architect and designer, so she can build fine houses in her hometown.④Some people pay too much attention to making money, for they believe money makes the mare go.⑤Don’t make yourself a mouse, or the cat will eat you.⑬复合句（Complex Sentence）：一个主句和一个（或多个）由从属连词引导的从句，构成复合句。

根据从句在主句中所起的作用，从句可以分为状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）。

①What is done by night appears by day. (主语从句)②Duty is what one expects from others. (表语从句)③A straw shows which way the wind blows. (宾语从句)④To be angry with a weak man is a proof that you are not very strong yourself. (同位语从句)⑤One must drink as one brews. (状语从句)⑥The landscape belongs to the man who looks at it. (定语从句)⑭并列复合句（Compound Complex Sentence）：并列句中又内含从句的句子。

如：It started with an earthquake that led to a tsunami and one of the worst nuclear power disasters in history happened.2. 按照功能划分，句子种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

⑪陈述句（Declarative Sentence或Statement）：]用来陈述事实。

如：①All men are poets at heart.②Might is right.⑫疑问句（Interrogative Sentence或Question）：用来提出问题。

如：①Is might right?Yes, it is. [一般疑问句（General Question或Yes-No Question）]②What is right?Might is right. [特殊疑问句（Special Question或Wh- Question）]③Is might right or wrong?Might is right.（选择疑问句）④. Might isn’t right, is it?Yes, it is. [反意疑问句或附加疑问句（Tag Question）]⑬祈使句（Imperative Sentence或Command）：用来发出命令或请求。

如：①Have an aim in life, or your energies will all be wasted.②Don’t part with your illusions. When they are gone you may still exist, but you have ceased to live.⑭感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence或Exclamation）：用来表示惊叹或感叹。

如：①What a fine day it is today!②How fine it is today!组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

英语句子成分有主语，谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。

1. 主语（Subject）：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，通常由名词（名词短语或名词性从句）、代词、动名词、不定式和数词等担任。

如：①A bad workman always blames his tools.②It rains cats and dogs.③Two in distress makes sorrow less.④Keeping is harder than winning.⑤The poor are rich when they are satisfied.⑥To know how to wait is the great secret of success.⑦What makes life dreary is the want of motive.2. 谓语（Predicate）：说明主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词词组担任。

如：①A plant may produce new flowers; man is young but once.②Who makes everything right must rise early.③The fame of great men ought to be judged always by the means they used to acquire it.3. 表语（Predicative）：位于连系动词be等之后，说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。

通常由名词、代词、形容词等充当。

如：①Thought is the seed of action.②Telling your troubles is swelling your troubles.③The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.④Happiness is not something you experience; it is something you remember.⑤A disease known is half cured.⑥True friendship is like sound health；the value of it is seldom known until it is lost.⑦A change of work is as good as a rest.⑧All men cannot be first.⑨When the cat is away, the mice will play.⑩Mountains look beautiful from a distance.3. 宾语（Object）：跟在及物动词之后，表示动作行为的对象（动宾）；或跟在介词之后，表示介词所联系的对象（介宾）。

通常由名词、代词、数词等担任。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。

⑪直接宾语（Direct Object或Od）：可单独接在动词后面，往往指物。

如：①Money can buy the devil himself.②Love me, love my dog.⑫间接宾语（Indirect Object或Oi）：通常不能单独接在动词后面，而须与直接宾语一起使用，往往指人。

如：①Poverty shows us what we are.②Our best friends are those who tell us our faults and help us to mend them.4. 定语（Attribute）：修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语等来充当。

如：①Your father’s honor to you but a second-hand honor.② A ready way to lose friends is to lend him money.③A barking dog is better than a sleeping lion.④A burnt child dreads the fire.⑤A friend without faults will never be found.5. 状语（Adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句等，通常由副词、分词、介词短语等担任。

如：①Adversity successfully overcome is the highest glory.②Diseases come on horseback, but go away on foot.③Eat to please yourself, but dress to please others.④Man alone is born crying, lives complaining, and dies disappointed.7. 补语（或补足语）（Complement）：说明主语或宾语，故可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语，通常由形容词，名词、分词、动词不定式等充当。

⑪主语补语（简称主补）（Subject Complement或Cs）：补充说明主语特征。

表语就是位于连系动词之后的主语补语。

The actress is thirty-five years old, but she appears a lot younger.⑫宾语补语（简称宾补）（Object Complement或Co）：位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语特征。