Low power distance culture
Use taxation or social welfare program(社会 福利) to reduce inequality in rights and opportunity in the workplace.
Low power distance cultures are guided by laws, norms, and everyday behaviors which make power distinctions (差别，级别 ) minimal（最小的）.
inequality is accepted. Social hierarchy（社会等级制 ） is
prevalent（普遍的）
Power and authority are facts of people’s life.
These cultures teach their members that people are not equal in this world and that everybody has a rightful place.
Diverse Cultural Patterns
• Hofstede ’s Five Values Dimension （Hofstede的5种价值维度）
• Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Value Orientation
• Hall’s Context Orientation
Supervisors（上级） and employees（下属） are considered almost as equals.
Low-power-distance countries：
Australia, Finland ['finlənd]芬兰 , Denmark ['denma:k]丹麦 , Norway挪威 , U.S
IDV=individual ism
Collectivistic culture集体主义文化
Power Distance (权力差距)
This refers to the degree of inequality that exists – and is accepted – among people with and without power.
High power distance culture
A high power distance score indicates that society accepts an unequal distribution of power and people understand "their place" in the system.
High power distance culture
Collectivism = Low individualism
Individualistic culture个人主义文化
Individual achievement 个人成就 Freedom
Competition Self-interest 自身利益 Personal goals rather than group goals
（权利差距 指数）
Low power distance culture
Low PD means that power is shared (共享的) and well dispersed (被分散的). It also means that society members view themselves as equals.
Individualism/Collectivism [kə'lektivizəm] (个人主义/集体主义)
This dimension can be defined as “the degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups”
High-power-distance countries:
India, Africa, Brazil, Singapore, Greece, Venezuela [,veni'zweilə]委内瑞拉 , Mexico and Philippines ['filəpi:nz].
PDI=power distance index

Hofstede’s Five Values Dimension
（Hofstede的5种价值维度）
power distance Individualism Masculinity [,mæ skju'liniti] –femininity
[femi'niniti]
uncertainty avoidance long-term / short-term orientation.
Individual has the right to his private property, thoughts, and opinions.
Individualistic culture个人主义文化
the United States, Australia, Great Britain, Canada, Netherlands ['neðələndz]荷兰 and New Zealand
Geert Hofstede
Hofstede ’s Five Values Dimension
（Hofstede的5种价值维度）
Hofstede identified five dimensions of culture that help to explain how and why people from different cultures behave as they do.