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胡壮麟《语言学教程第三版》01Chapter_1_introduction
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“From now on I will consider language to be a set (finite or infinite) of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements.” --Noam Chomsky (1928- ): Syntactic Structures (1957)
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课程的教学要求
内容上, 既要传授基础理论知识也要反映语 言学中的最新发展,要求学生理解深,力求 贯通,比较,自创。 观点上,不拘泥于一派之说。要求学生了解 各派理论并分析其优劣。
讲授本书内容可详可简,授课教师可根据学 校的教学方案和学生程度进行调整。
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教学重点
对课程总体内容的了解 对语言和语言学基本原理的理解 对语言和语言学专门知识的理解和分析
“A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which the members of a society interact in terms of their total culture.” --George Trager: The Field of Linguistics (1949)
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What does “language” mean?
1. in general language can mean what a person says or said 2. in particular , use of language, a constant way of speaking or writing 3. variety of language 4. specific language 5. the common features of all human languages
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戴炜栋、何兆熊等 《简明英语语言学教程》 (修订版),上海外语教育出版社,1989 丁言仁 《英语语言学纲要》,上海外语教育 出版社,2001 王钢《普通语言学教程》 湖南教育出版社 1988
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牛津语言学入门丛书 上海外语教育出版社 2000 牛津应用语言学丛书 上海外语教育出版学系列教材 湖南教育出版社 1988
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2. What is Language?
Language “is not to be confused with human speech, of which it is only a definite part, though certainly an essential one. It is both a social product of the faculty of speech and a collection of necessary conventions that have been adopted by a social body to permit individuals to exercise that faculty”. --Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913): Course in General Linguistics (1916)
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Chapter One
Invitations to Linguistics
Why study language? What is language? Design features of language Origin of language Functions of language What is linguistics? Main branches of linguistics Macrolinguistics Important distinctions in linguistics
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Bussmann, H. Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics H.G.Widdowson Linguistics Oxford University Press 1996 R.H.Robins General Linguistics Longman 1989 A.Radford, M.Atkinson, D.Britain, H.Clashsen & A.Spencer Linguistics : An Introduction Cambridge University Press 1999 S.C.Poole An Introduction to Linguistics Macmillan Publishers Ltd 1999
2Leabharlann 课程的教学目的英语语言学是高校英语语言文学专业学生的 必修课程,是加强学生语言学理论修养和基 础知识的重要途径。本课程目的在于让学生 了解语言学理论的基本概念、基本理论、语 言学各个研究领域及其代表人物;培养和提 高学生运用语言学理论解释分析和运用语言 的能力,并发展其创新精神和创造能力,为 学生进一步攻读硕士学位或毕业后直接从事 英语教学工作或其他英语语言文字工作打下 坚实基础。
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1.2 Some fundamental views about L
Children learn their native language swiftly, efficiently and without instruction. Language operates by rules. All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a system of semantics. Everyone speaks a dialect. Language slowly changes.
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“Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols.” --Edward Sapir (1884-1939):
Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech (1921)
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“A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group cooperates.” --Bernard Bloch (1907-1965) & George Trager (1906-1992): Outline of Linguistic Analysis (1942)
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Language is “the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols.” --Robert A. Hall (1911-1997): Introductory Linguistics (1964)
General Linguistics
普通语言学
课程的性质、地位和意义
课程中文名称:普通语言学概论 课程英文名称:General linguistics 课程性质:专业必修课 课程学时和学分:36学时,2学分 适用专业:英语专业 先修课程:语音、语法 开课系、部、教研室:外语系语言学教研室
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1.1 Some myths about language
Language is only a means of communication. Language has a form-meaning correspondence. The function of language is to exchange information. English is more difficult to learn than Chinese. Black English is not standard and should be reformed.
考核方式:考试。主要考查学生对语言学基 本理论和基础知识及其应用的掌握程度。 客观题:60%-70% 主观题:30%-40% 教材内容:70%-80% 课外内容:20%-30% 课堂出勤与表现:10% 期中考查20% 期末考试:70%
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教材及参考书目
胡壮麟《语言学教程》第三版 北京大学出版 社 2006 胡壮麟 姜望琪《语言学教程(中译本)》 胡壮麟《语言学教程练习册》第三版 2007 胡壮麟《语言学教程》(修订版) 2001 胡壮麟 姜望琪《语言学高级教程》
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What does “language” mean?
1. He uses very bad language. He is very good at language. 2. Shakespeare’s language, 60’s language, old man’s language 3. formal language, scientific language, written or spoken language 4. the English /French/ Chinese language 5. He studies language.