第八章植物的生长物质一、英译中(或写出符号的中文名称)(Translate)二、中译英(Translate)二、名词解释(Explain the glossary)1、植物激素2、植物生长调节剂3、植物生长物质4、三重反应5、激素受体6、自由生长素7. plant hormones8、生长素极性运输三、是非题(对的打“√”,错的打“×”)(True or false)1.调节植物生长发育的物质只有5大类植物激素。
()2.所有的植物激素都可以称为植物生长物质。
()3.所有的植物生长物质都可以称为植物激素。
()4.激动素是最先发现的植物体内天然存在的细胞分裂素类物质。
()5.赤霉素在大麦种子萌发过程中的作用是活化了存在于糊粉层内的a-淀粉酶。
()6.极性运输是生长素的唯一运输方式。
()7.赤霉素可以在体内向各方向运输。
()8.伤流液分析为根尖是细胞分裂素生物合成的主要场所提供了证据。
()9.脱落酸和赤霉素生物合成的前体都是甲瓦龙酸。
()10.乙烯和生长素的前体分子都是氨基酸。
()11.当植物缺水时,叶片内ABA含量急剧下降。
()12.植物的根、茎、芽3种器官中,根对生长素最敏感。
()13.生长素在翻译水平上调控基因的表达。
()14.脱落酸可在转录水平上促进某些种类蛋白的形成。
()15.多效唑是一种生长延缓剂。
()16.乙烯能诱导雄花的形成。
()17.IAA能诱导雄花的形成。
()18.GA3能诱导雄花的形成。
()19.ABA能诱导气孔的开放。
()20.CTK能诱导气孔的开放。
()21.植物受伤时,乙烯含量会增高。
()22.ABA带有羧基,故呈酸性。
()C可加速植株长高。
24.There are about one hundred and twenty-five chemical forms of the hormone group called the gibberellins.25. Ethylene stimulates leaf release, while auxin keeps leaves from falling .26. Plant growth is stimulated by the presence of auxins, ethylene, and abscisic cid.27. Went’s experiment in 1926 with oat coleoptiles showed that agar that absorbed auxin from the tips would cause a tipless shoot to grow away from the side where he had placed the agar, suggesting that auxin causes cells to elongate.28. The plant hormone cytokinin promotes senescence.29. The plant hormone ethylene delays senescence.30. The stress hormone that helps plant respond to drought is gibberellin.31. The hormone promotes seed dormancy is abscisic acid.五、选择题(Choose the best answer for each question)24.植物激素和植物生长调节剂最根本的区别是()。
A.二者的分子结构不同B.二者的生物活性不同C.二者的合成方式不同D.二者在体内的运输方式不同25.吲哚乙酸氧化酶需要()作为辅助因子。
A.二元酚B.锰离子C.亚铁离子D.锌离子26.以下各种酶中,仅有()不参与植物体内的生长素生物合成。
A.色氨酸转氨酶 B.吲哚乙酸氧化酶 C.吲哚乙醛氧化酶 D.腈水解酶27.关于生长素作用的酸生长理论认为生长素的受体存在于()上。
A.细胞核B.细胞壁C.细胞质膜D.线粒体膜28.生长素促进枝条切段根原基发生的主要作用是()。
A.促进细胞伸长B.刺激细胞分裂C.引起细胞分化D.促进物质运输29.维管植物中,()常常是单方向运输的。
A.生长组织里的生长素B.导管组织中的矿质元素C.筛管中的蔗糖D.胚乳中水解的淀粉30.下列物质中,除()外均为天然的细胞分裂素。
A.玉米素B.异戊烯基腺嘌呤C.双氢玉米素D.苄基嘌呤31.在细胞分裂过程中,细胞分裂素主要是调节()。
A.细胞核分裂B.细胞质分裂C.细胞壁生物合成D.细胞壁的可塑性32.脱落酸、赤霉素和类胡萝卜素都是由()单位构成的。
A.异戊二烯 B.氨基酸 C.不饱和脂肪酸 D.甲瓦龙酸33.下列植物激素中,()的作用是促进果实成熟,促进叶、花脱落和衰老。
A.生长素B.乙烯C.赤霉素D.细胞分裂素34.()对乙烯的生物合成起促进作用。
A.AVGB.N2C.低温D.O235.以下叙述中,仅()是没有实验根据的。
A.乙烯促进鲜果的成熟,也促进叶片的脱落B.乙烯抑制根的生长,却刺激不定根的形成C.乙烯促进光合磷酸化D.乙烯增加膜的透性36.以下叙述中,仅()是正确的。
A.tRNA分子中都含有细胞分裂素类物质B.某些tRNA和rRNA分子中含有细胞分裂素类物质C.mRNA分子中含有细胞分裂素类物质D.RNA和DNA中都含有细胞分裂素类物质37.ABA生物合成的前体分子是()。
A.法呢基焦磷酸B.贝壳杉烯C.十五烷酸D.红花菜豆酸38.下列叙述中,仅()是没有实验根据的。
A.脱落酸调节气孔的开关 B.脱落酸与植物休眠活动有关C.脱落酸抑制GA诱导的大麦糊粉层中a-淀粉酶的合成D.脱落酸促进花粉管的生长16.Which a hormone causes stomata close homone when a plant is water stressed?A.auxin B. gibberellin C. cytolkinin D. abscisic acidE. ethylene17. Which a hormone causes sunflower plants all point toward the sun?A. auxinB. gibberellinC. cytokininD. abscisic acidE. ethylene18. Which a hormone in coconut milk causes plant tissues to undergo cell division?A. auxinB. gibberellinC. cytokininD. abscisic acidE.ethylene19. Which a hormone causes cabage plant bolt (grow tall )?A. auxinB. gibberellinC. cytokininD. abscisic acidE. ethylene20. Plant hormones are generlly produced in tissues.A. cortexB. epidermalC. vascularD. meristem21. Which of these plant hormones is a growth inhibitor?A.auxinB. giberellinC.cytokininD. abscisic acidE. ethylene22. Which of these plant hormones was studied in the 1880 by Charles and Francis Darwin in experiments on phototropism ?A.auxinB. giberellinC.cytokininD. abscisic acidE. ethylene23. Which plant hormone was discoved in infected rice seedling that grew extremely tall and slender ?A. auxinB. gibberellinC. cytokininD. abscisic acidE. ethylene24. Which plant hormone, developing in a apical bud inhibits the growth of lower axillary buds?A. auxinB. gibberellinC.cytokininD. abscisic acidE.ethylene25. How does gibberelling actually work?A. It attaches to a plasma membrane receptor and results in gene activation to produce the enzyme amylase that releases sugars for additional cell growth division, and elongation.B. In the presence of light ,it increases the formation of additional DNA that codes for additional plant structures.C.In the presence of light, it increases the turgor pressure of the cell and accelerates growth.D. In the presence of unidirectional light, it moves to the shady side and activates an ATP-driven proton pump that results in weakened cell walls and eventual elongation.26. A chemical messenger from the embryo that apparently stimulates a seed to digest the endosperm isA.auxinB.abscisic acidC.cytokininD.gibberellinE.ethylene27. Application of which hormone prevents plant tissues from senescing, or aging?A.auxinB.abscisic acidC. cytokininD.gibberellinE.ethylene28. Which plant hormone is a gas ?A.auxinB.abscisic acidC.cytokininD.gibberellinE.ethyenel29. Which plant hormone stimulates the ripening of fruit and inhibits plant growth ?A. auxinB.abscisic acidC. cytokiinD. gibberellinE.ethylene30.Which plant shormone is called the stress hormone because it produces dormancy in seeds and buds ?A. auxinB. abscisic acidC.cytokininD.gibberellinE.ethylene31. Which plant hormone is associated with the colsure of the stomates in a plant under water stress?A. auxinB. abscisic acidC. cytokininD.gibberellinE.ethylene四、填空题(Put the best word in the blanks)1.1880年首次用金丝雀虉草(Phalaris)进行向光性实验的是_____________。