“文化”(culture)物质文化(material culture)制度文化(institutional culture)心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡(coffee)、巧克力(chocolate)、色拉(salad)、三明治(sandwich)、歇斯底里(hysteria)、休克(shock)、基因(gene)、钙(calcium)、维他命(vitamin)、奥林匹克(Olympic)、雷达(radar)、先令(shilling)、夹克(jacket)、电视(television)、激光(laser)、飞机(aeroplane)、火车(train)、交响乐(symphony)、基督徒(Christian)、面包(bread)、盲文(brail)、圣诞老人(Santa Claus)、圣经(Bible)、马海毛(mahair)、贝雷帽(beret)、革命(revolution)、营养(nourish)、解放(liberate)、民主(democracy)、科学(science)、独裁(dictatorship)、心理学(psychology)、形而上学(metaphysics)、图书馆(library)、想象(imagination)、暗示(hint)、投资(investment)磁卡电话(card phone)、立交桥(overpass)、隐形眼镜(contact lenses)、下拉菜单(pulldown)、软驱(floppy drive)、光驱(CD drive)、鼠标(mouse)、电脑(computer)、内存条(RAM chip)、复印机(xerox machine)、安乐死(euthanasia)、艾滋病(AIDS)、香波(shampoo)、连锁店(chain store)、热狗(hot dog)、自助餐(buffet)、牛仔服(cowboy suit)、T恤衫(T-shirt)意合(parataxis)隐性(covertness)显性(overtness)形合(hypotaxis)伦理(ethics)认知(cognition)顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、听天安命(accept the situation)、听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。
individualism(不管别人怎样做)只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为;我行我素个体主义”。
整体(integrity)综合性(synthetic)个体(individuality)、分析性(analytic)直觉(intuition)实证(evidence)天人合一”(The Unity of Man and Heaven形象思维(figurative thinking)逻辑思维(logical thinking)表象(presentation)天亮(daybreak; dawn明枪易躲,暗箭难防(It is easy to dodge a spear thrust in the open, but difficult to guard against an arrow shot from hiding)、脚踩两只船(比喻因为对事物认识不清或存心投机取巧而跟两方面都保持联系,straddle two boats; have a foot in either camp)、脚踏实地(have a down-to-earth manner)、胆小如鼠(as timid as a mouse; chicken-hearted)、顶天立地(dauntless; of gigantic stature; of indomitable spirit; giant)、调虎离山(1ure the tiger out of the mountains; lure the enemy away from his base)、丢盔弃甲(throw away everything in headlong flight)、哭笑不得(形容处境尴尬,不知如何是好,not know whether to laugh or to cry; find sth. both funny and annoying)、枯木逢春(比喻重获生机,get a new lease of life)、居高临下(处在高处,俯视下面,形容处于有利的地位,occupy a commanding position)、蒙在鼓里(be kept in the dark)。
英美人也用具体形象词语比喻抽象的事物,但常常喜欢用抽象名词指代具体事物。
棍子stick)、锅wok汉藏语系(Sino-Tibetan Family印欧语系(Indo-European Family)文字(script)书面语言(system of writing表意文字(ideographic script音节文字(ideographic-oriented syllabic script)字(character词(word偏旁部首(radical语素(morpheme)拼音文字(alphabetic script象形字(pictagraph指事字(indicative character会意字(associative character形声字(morpheme-phonetic character音素(phoneme韵母(final声母(initial元音(vowel辅音(consonant)汉语拼音字母(pinyin国际音标(international transcription声调语言(tonal language重读音节(stressed syllable语调语言(intonation language第一音节(scholar, family倒数第三个音节(psychology主重音(primary stress次重音(secondary stress) (magazine双重音(double stress)实词(content words虚词(form words音节文字(ideographic-oriented syllabic script) 拼音文字(alphabetic script合成法(compounding缀合法(affixation)音变法(sound-changing缩略法(abbreviation重叠法(reduplication转换法(conversion逆构词法(back-formation截短法(clipping超短波ultrashort waves超短裙Miniskirt超标准Superstandard超语言符号extralinguistic signs超代数Hyperalgebra超大气压Overpressure超高频ultra-high frequency。
命根子(lifeblood胖子(fatty矮子Shorty垫叶子cushion, mat掸子(duster骗子(swindler)。
doom (n. 毁灭、末日deem (v. 认为)house (n. 房屋house (v. 留宿)。
北大Beida (Peking University)清华Tsinghua (Tsinghua University央视CCTV (Central China Television Station 华中师大CCNU (Central China Normal University 安琪儿(angel桑巴(samba马拉松(marathon扑克(poker幽默(humour卡路里(calorie)康乃馨(carnation)篮球(basketball交响乐(symphony工会(trade union智商(IQ)冰淇淋(ice cream咖哩粉(curry汉堡包(hamburger)爵士乐(jazz绷带(bandage嘉年华会(carnivallitchi (荔枝loquat (枇杷kaoliang (高粱jiaozi (饺子ginseng (人参sampan (舢板kowtow (叩头kung fu (功夫makjong (麻将mu (亩yuan (元jin (斤panda (熊猫moon cake (月饼China rose (月季mandarin duck (鸳鸯tael (银两empty word (虚词gold fish (金鱼Peking Opera (京剧brick tea (砖茶医生(仔仔细细)给病人作了检查。
The doctor examined the patient very, very carefully.一眼望去,(疏疏的)林,(淡淡的)月,衬着蔚蓝的天,颇像荒江野渡光景;……As one looked into the distance, the sparse trees and pale moon set off by the blue sky offered a view like that at a deserted ferry on a desolate river.(朱自清《桨声灯影里的秦淮河》,胡士光译)他很听话,我的话(句句)听。
He was very obedient and always did as I told him.“句句”在这里强调“听话”的程度,用“always did as I told him”译出了原文强调的程度。
警察监视着犯罪嫌疑人的(一举一动)。
The police kept close watch on the man under suspicion.“一举一动”在下例中,便换了一种译法。
我们是新雇员,得注意自己的(一举一动)。
As new employees we must be careful about what we do.果品fresh and dried fruitsstrawberry (草莓blackberry (黑莓blueberry (蓝莓raspberry (钩子holly berries (泡叶栒子模糊词(fuzzy words中国古代气论(theory of vitality元气primordial Qi气虚Qi deficiency。