11真菌感染PPT课件
Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in US Hospitals: Analysis of 24,179 Cases
Hilmar Wisplinghoff, et al.Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004; 39:309–17
Distribution of Candida species and associated crude mortality
AIMS
❖ To investigate Candida colonization pattern and colonization index (CI), in combination with other risk factors and their relation to invasive candida infection (ICI) in patients with a length of stay (LOS) 7 days
➢ High APACHE II score
➢ Concomitant infection
➢ Abdominal surgery
➢ Diabetes mellitus
➢ CVC
➢ Candida colonization 2 sites
➢ TPN
➢ Candiduria (>100,000 colonies)
三、名称
侵袭性真菌感染
(invasive fungal infections, IFI)
侵袭性真菌病?
(invasive fungal disease, IFD)
学科不同
四、诊断
重症患者IFI的诊断分3个级别:
临
确
床
拟
诊
诊
诊
断
由危险(宿主)因素、临床特征、微生物学检查、组织病理学
四部分组成。组织病理学仍是诊断的“金标准”。
Risk Factors for Invasive Candidiasis
➢ 3 antibiotics
➢ Neutropenia
➢ Antibiotics 4 d
➢ Immunosuppression
➢ Time 4 d in ICU
(chemotherapy, steroids,
➢ Mechanical ventilation >48 other therapies)
一项微生 物学标准
走进实验室,揭秘真菌诊断背后的方法
直接镜检法
Hilmar Wisplinghoff, et al.Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004; 39:309–17
难治性念珠菌已占据重要地
一项自1999-2003年,
位
对ICU1182例念珠菌血症患者的回顾性分析结果1
9% 15%
13% 40%
23%
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
白色念珠菌 光滑念珠菌 近平滑念珠菌 热带念珠菌 其它
❖ To identify specific patient groups that may benefit from antifungal prophylaxis
CONCLUSIONS
❖ A high CI ( 0.8) and recent extensive gastroabdominal surgery was identified as significant risk factors for acquiring invasive candida infection
❖ The incidence of ICI was high (17%) in the ICU patient population studied, despite a frequent use of antifungal agents, reflecting that the majority of the patients were burdened by several risk factors
100% 90% 80% 70%
92.1%
72.5%
70.6%
60%
50%
45.6%
40%
30% 20% 10%
0% 中心静脉导管
机械通气
既往细菌感染 高真菌定植系数
Charles PE et al. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:2162-2169.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Disease 2007
真菌感染
一、流行病学
➢ ICU患者IFI的病原菌主要包括念珠菌和曲霉 ➢ ICU患者IFI仍以念珠菌为主, ➢ 尽管非白念珠菌感染的发病率在上升,但白念珠菌 仍是ICU患者IFI最常见的病原菌 ➢ ICU患者侵袭性曲霉感染的发生率在逐年上升,并 越来越受到重视
一、流行病学
➢ 侵袭性念珠菌感染的病死率达30%-60%,其中 光滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌等非白念珠菌感染的病 死率明显高于白色念珠菌 ➢ 尽管ICU患者侵袭性曲霉感染发生率低,但其 病死率高
Host factor
Clinical feature
Mycology
Tissue
1、确诊
(1) 深部组织感染: (2) 真菌血症: (3) 导管相关性真菌血症
2、临床诊断
一项宿 主因素
+
一项主要或 两项次要临
床特征
+ 一项微生 物学标准
3、拟 诊
一项宿 主因素
一项主要或 两项次要临 床特征
+或
20年前,难治性念珠菌的发病仅为20%2
1. Bassetti M et al. BMC infect dis. 2006;6:21-27. 2. Shorr AF et al. Crit Care Med. 2007;35:1077-1083
二、高危因素
What is the connection between intensive care and fungal infection?
➢ ARF
Pappas PG et al. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:161-189; Ostrosky-Zeichner L et al. Crit Care Med 2006;34:857-63
ICU患者念珠菌血症的高危因素
(%)
患 者 比 例
一项10年(1990-2000)的回顾性荟萃分析