语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Glossary and Index(备注：因教材改版，部分章节标注等内容有出入。

) Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语3.3.1Abercrombie 10.3.2ablative 夺格，离格4.1.1abstractness 抽象性1.3.2accent 重音（符）2.4.4；2.4.5accuracy 正确性11.6.4accusative 宾格4.1.1achievement test 成绩测试11.6.3acoustic phonetics 声学语音学1.7.1；2.1acquisition 习得6.1.2acronym 缩略语3.3.1action process 动作过程12.2.3actor 动作者4.4.2；12.2.3addition 添加3.3.2address form 称呼形式7.2.3addressee 受话人1.4；9.4.1addresser 发话人1.4；9.4.1adjective 形容词3.1.2；4.1.1；5.5.2adjunct 修饰成分；附加语12.2.3adverb 副词3.1.2affix 词缀3.2.1affix hopping 词缀跳跃4.3.1affixation词缀附加法7.1.4affricate 塞擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1agreement 一致关系4.1.3airstream 气流2alliteration 头韵9.3.2；9.3.6allomorph 词/语素变体3.2.4；4.3.1allophone 音位变体2.8allophonic variation 音位变体2.8.3allophony音位变体现象2.8.3alveolar ridge 齿龈2.2alveolar 齿龈音2.4.4；2.4.5ambiguity 歧义4.2.2；4.3.1；6.2.3；8.2.2；8.3.2 ambiguous歧义的5.5.2；6.3American descriptive linguistics 美国描写语言学12.3 American English 美式英语10.3.5American Indian languages 美国印第安族诸语言12.3 American structuralism 美国结构主义10.3.2；12.3 analogical creation 类推造字3.3.1anapest 抑抑扬格9.3.3anaphor 前指替代4.3.3anaphoric reference 前指照应4.3.2Anderson 6.3.1Animal communication system 动物交际系统1.2；1.3 animate 有生命的4.2.1annotation 注解10.3.4；10.3.5antecedent 先行词；前在词4.3.2anthropological 人类学的12.3.1anthropological linguistics 人类语言学1.8.3；7.1.1 anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音2.6.1 antonomasia 换称；代类名7.1.4antonym 反义词5.4antonymy 反义(关系) 5.3.2appellative 称谓性4.4.2applied linguistics 应用语言学11applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学7.2.4 appropriacy 适宜性11.6.4appropriateness 适宜性；得体性11.2.5 approximant 无摩擦延续音2.4.3；2.4.5Apte 7；7.2.1aptitude test 素质测试11.6.2Arabic 阿拉伯语3.3.1；4.4.1arbitrariness 任意性1.3.1；12argument 中项；中词；主目4.3.3；5.5.2article 冠词3.1.2；4.1.1；4.2.1articulation 发音2.6articulator 发音器官2.4.2；2.4.3articulatory phonetics 发音语音学1.7.1；2.1 artificial speech 人工言语10aspect 体4.1.2aspirated 吐气；送气2.6.2；2.8.2 assimilation 同化2.9.1；3.2.4；3.3.2；6.2.4 associative 联想4.2.1associative meaning 联想意义5.3 assonance 准压韵；半谐音9.3.2；9.3.6 Atkinson, A.M. 2.1attributive 属性；修饰语；定语4.2.2；12.2.3 auditory phonetics 听觉语音学1.7.1；2.1 Austin, John Langshaw 8.1；8.1.2authentic input 真实投入11.4.2authorial style 权威风格9.4.3authoring program 编程10.1.3autonomy 自主性1.8auxiliary 助词3.1.2；12.4.3auxiliary verb 助动词3.1.2；12.2.3Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段12.4.1back-formation 逆构词法3.3.1Bally, Charles 9.1Bar-Hillel 10.2.1Barnhart & Barnhart 7.1.4base component 基础部分4.3.2；12.4。

4 Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan 2.8.2behaver 行为者12.2.3behavioural process 行为过程12.2.3 behaviourism 行为主义12.3.2；12.4.1Bell, A.M. 2.5.Bennette, James 9.1Bereiter 6.4.2Berlin,Brent 7.1.2Berns 7.2.4Biber, et al 10.3.3bilabial 双唇音2.4.4；2.4.5bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音2.4.5bilateral opposition 双边对立12.1.2bilingualism 双语现象7.2.3binary division 二分法4.2.2binary feature 二分特征2.10binary taxonomy 二分分类学5.4binding 制约4.3.3；8.3.3；12.4.6binding theory 制约论4.3.3；12.4.6Black English 黑人英语1.1blade 舌叶；舌面前部2.4.4blank verse 无韵诗9.3.4blending 混成法3.3.1Bloch 12.3.2Bloom 7.1.3Bloomfield, L. 2.8.2; 3.1.2; 4.2.2; 12.3.2; 12.3.3; 12.4.2 Boas, Franz 2.8.2；7.1.1；12.3.1Bolinger 1.3.2Bolto 7.2.2borrowing 借用；借词3.3.1bound morpheme 粘着语素3.2.1bounding theory 管辖论4.3.3；12.4.6bracketing 括号法12.4.3Bransford 6.3.1Bransford, John 6.4brevity maxim 简洁准则8.3.2bridging 架接8.3.3Britian, D. 2.10British English 英式英语10.3.5broad transcription 宽式音标2.6.2；2.8.3 broadening 词义扩大3.3.3Brown corpus 布朗语料库10.3.2Burton, Dolores Burton 9.1Ccalculability 可计算性8.2.3calque 仿造；仿造词语3.3.1cancellability 可删除8.2.3cardinal numeral 基数3.1.2cardinal vowel 基本元音2.5.2Carpenter 6.2.5Carroll, B.J. 11.6.4Carter and Simpson 9.1case 格4.1.1case grammar格语法12.5.1case theory格理论4.3.3；12.4.6category 范畴1.4；3.1.2；3.2.1；4.1；4.3.2；6.2.3；8.2.1；10.3.5；12.3.3；12.4categorical component 范畴成分4.3.2；4.3.3causative 使役的；使投动词8.3.2CD-I, compact disk-interactive 交互式激光视盘10.1.3Cell 12.3.3center 中心词4.2.3central determiner 中心限定词3.1.2chain relation 链状关系4.2.1chain system 链状系统12.2.3Chao,Y.R. 2.8.2Chen 11.2Chinese 汉语3.3.1；4.1.1；5.0；5.3.2；8.1.2；8.2；12.2.3choice 选择12.2.3choice system 选择系统12.2.3Chomsky, Noam 1.9.4；2.11；4.2.2；4.3；6；6.1.2；7.2.1；8.3.3；10；10.3.2；11.2.3；11.2.5；12.4；12.4.7；12.5.1circumstance 环境因子12.2.3Clahsen,H. 2.10class 词类3.1.2；12.3.3class shift 词性变换3.3.3clause 小句；从句3.1.1；4.4.2click 吸气音；咂音2.2clipping 截断法3.3.1closed class 封闭类3.1.2closed syllable 闭音节2.11.1cluster 音丛2.11.1coarticulation 协同发音2.6；2.7coda 结尾音节；符尾2.11code 语码；信码1.4；3.1.2cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学6cognitive psychology 认知心理学6.4.1cognitive system 认知系统4.3.3coherence 相关；关联6.4.2；12.2.3cohension 衔接12.3.3Cohort theory 6.2.1co-hyponym 同下义词5.3.2colligation 类连结12.2.2collocative meaning 搭配意义12.2.2color word 色彩词7.1.2color word system 色彩词系统7.1.2command 指令1.9.1；4.3.3common core 共核11.3.3common noun 普通名词5.5.2communication 交际1.1；1.3；1.4communicative competence 交际能力1.9.4；7.2.4；11.2.5；11.3.3 communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力12.1.3communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法11.2 communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式12.1.3 communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲11.3.3；communicative test 交际性测试11.6.4communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法11.3.3 compact disk 激光盘10.1.3COMPACT DISD-READ ONLY MEMORY,CD-ROM 激光视盘10.1.3 comparative degree 比较级5.3.2competence 能力1.9.4；12.4.1；12.4.7complement 补语12.2.3complementary antonym 互补反义词5.5.2complementary antonymy 互补反义关系5.3.2complementary distribution 互补分布2.8.3；3.2.4complex predicate 复合谓语5.5.2component 成分1.1；3.2.1；11.3.3componential analysis 成分分析5.4composite proposition 复合命题5.5.2compositionality 复合性5.4；5.5.2compound 复合词；复合句2.12；3.2.1；3.2.3 comprehension 理解6.1.2computation 计算12.4.3computational linguistics 计算语言学1.8.4；10 computational system 计算系统4.3.3computer 计算机；电脑10computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习10.1.1 computer corpus 计算机语料库10.3.1computer hardware 计算机硬件10.2.1computer literacy 计算机操作能力10computer networks 计算机网络10..1.3computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学10.1.1 computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习10.1 conative 意动的1.4；4.4.2concept 概念4.2.1；5.1conceptual meaning 概念意义5.3；5.4concord 一致（关系）4.1.3concordance 共现关系10.3.3concrete noun 具体名词5.5.2concurrent 同时发生的11.6.3conjugation 词形变化3.3.1conjunct 连接副词5.5.2conjunction 连接词3.1.2；5.5.2conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑8.3.3connotation 内涵5；5.3；8.3.3consequent 跟随成分5.5.2consonance 辅音韵9.3.2；9.3.6consonant辅音2；3.2.4constant opposition 不变对立12.1.2constative 表述的8.1.1constituent command 成分指令4.3.3constituent proposition 成分命题5.5.2constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析12.4.3 constituent 成分3.1.2；4.2.2；8.3.3construct 编制11.6.4construct validity 编制效度11.6.3construction 构建4.2.2constructivism 构建主义11.4.3contact 接触1.4content analysis 内容分析10.4.3content validity 内容效度11.6.3content word 实义词3.1.2context dependent 语境依赖的5.3.1context of situation 情景语境7.1.1；12.2.1；12.2.2context 语境1.7.6；2.9.2；6.3；7.1.1contextual analyses 语境分析12.2.2contextual meaning 语境意义8contrastive analysis 对比分析11.5.4control theory 控制理论4.3.3；12.4.6controlled language 有控制的语言10.2.1convention 常规；规约1.3.1conventional meaning 常规意义；规约意义8.2.3 conventionality 常规性；规约性1.3.1conversational implicature 会话含义8.2.3；8.3 conversational maxim 会话准则8.3.2；9.5.1converse antonymy 相反反义现象5.3.2conversion 变换7.1.4Cook 11.3；11.4.3cooperative principle, CP 合作原则1.7.6；8.2.1；8.2.2；9.5.1 coordinate construction 并列结构4.2.3coordination 并列4.2.1Corder 11.5.2coreferential 互参的4.3.2；4.3.3；8.3.3coronal 舌面前音2.10corpus data 语料库语料10.3.5corpus (pl. corpora) 语料；素材10.3.1；10.3.5；12.3.3corpus linguistics 语料库语言学10.3context 上下文1.4；6.2.1countable 可数（名词）4.2.1 counterfactual proposition 反事实命题5.5.2 couplet 对句；对联9.3.4creativity 创造性；原创性1.3.2Creole 克里澳尔语；混和语7.2.3cross-cultural 跨文化7.1.3cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际7.1.1 cross-linguistic 跨语言的7.1.2Crystal, David 1.5.5；2.8.1；7.1.1Culler 12culture 文化7；7.1；7.1.4；12.3.1culturally-specific 文化特异的7.1.3 curriculum 教学大纲11.3customizing 定制的10.1.3Ddactyl 扬抑抑格9.3.3Dani language 达尼语7.1.2Darnell 7.1.1data retrieval, DR 资料检索10.4database 数据库12.2.5dative (case) 与格4.1.1；4.3.1dative movement 与格移动4.3.1 declarative 陈述句4.3.1；4.4.2decoding 解码8.3.1deductive 演绎的12.4.7deep structure 深层结构4.3.1；12.4.4；12.4.5 defeasibility 消除可行性8.2.3definite 有定的3.1.2；4.3.3degenerate data 无用的语料12.4.1deixis 指称9.4.1DeKeyser 11.4.1deletion rule 12.4.5delicacy 精密阶10.2.3Dell 6.4.1denotation 外延；指称5；8.3.3dental 齿音2.4.4；2.4.5dentalization 齿音化2.9.1；2.9.2derivation 衍生3.2.3derivational affix. 衍生词汇3.2.1derivational morphology 派生形态学3.2.3 description 描写1.9.1；11.5.3；12.2.3；12.3.3 descriptive adequacy 描写充分性12.4.2descriptive linguistics 描写语言学12.4design feature 结构特征1.3determiner 限定词3.1.2；4.1.3；4.2.1；4.3.1；6.2.3 developing grammar 发展语法12.4.1deviant 变体9.2.1deviation 偏离；变异1.9.4devoicing 清音化2.9.1；2.9.3diachronic linguistics 历时语言学12diachronic 历时的1.9.2；8.3.2diacritic 附加符号；变音符2.3.2；2.6.2 diagnostic test 诊断性测试11.6.2dialect 方言1.1dialectology 方言学7.2.2；10.3.5dialogue 对话9.5.1dictionary 词典5.5.2；10.3.5digitized sound 数字化语音10.1.3dimetre 二音步诗行9.3.3diphthong 二合元音；双元音2.5.2；3.2.4；3.3.2 direct object 直接宾语6.2.4；9.2.1；12.1.3direct speech, DS 直接言语9.4.2direct thought, DT 直接思想9.4.2directionality 方向性7.1.4discourse 语篇；话语6.3；9.4.1；1.3.3discourse analysis 语篇分析；话语分析7.2.3；12.2.3 discourse interpretation 语篇理解6.3discovery procedure （12.3.3）discrete 分离的；离散的1.3.2discrete-point grammar 离散语法11.4 discrete point test 分立性测试11.6.4 disjunction 分离关系5.5.2displacement 移位1.3.2dissimilation 异化（作用）3.2.4 distinctive feature 区别性特征2.10 distinguisher 辩义成分5.5.2distribution 分布3.1.2；12.3.3do-insertion rule do 添加规则12.4.3domain 范围；领域1.7.1；3.3；3.3.4；12.4.5 dorsal 舌背音；舌中音2.10dorsum 舌背（音）2.2double comparative 双重比较3.2.3Doughty 11.4.1Downes 7.1.1download 下载10.2.4drama 戏剧9.5drill-and-practice software 操练软件10.1.3D-structure D结构4.3.3dual 双数4.1.1；6.3.2dualistic view 二分观点7.2.1；7.2.3duality 二重性1.3.2Durkheim，E 12Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语9.5.1 economy 经济性；简洁性8.3.2；10.3.2 ejective 爆发音2.2electronic mail 电子邮件10.2.4 Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语9.5.1 ellipsis 省略（法）12.4.3elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构9.4.2 Ellis, J. 2.5.2；11.4.1；11.4.3embedded element 嵌入成分9.2.1emic 位学的1.9.5emotive 感情的1.4；1.5.4；4.4.2emphasis 强调3.1.2empirical 经验主义的12.3.3empirical data 经验主义的语料10.3.5empirical validity 经验效度11.6.3empiricism 经验主义12.4.1empty category, EC 空范畴12.4.6enabling skills 使成技能化11.6.4encoding 编码8.3.1end rhyme 末端韵9.3.6endocentric construction 内向结构4.3.3；4.2.3entailment 蕴涵5.4；8.2.3entry condition 入列条件12.2.3epenthesis 插音；增音2.9.2；2.9.3equipollent opposition 均等对立12.1.2equivalence 相等5.5.2equivalence reliability 相等信度11.6.3error analysis 错误分析11.5EST 科技英语12.4.6ethnicity identity 民族认同7.2.2ethnography of communication 交际民族学7.1.1etic 非位的；素的1.9.5evaluation 评估12.4.2；10.4.3；11.3.2event process 事件过程12.2.3example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译10.2.2 exchange error 交换错误6.4.1exchange sequence 交际序列9.5.1exchange structure 交际结构9.5.1exhaustive 穷尽的；彻底的12.4.3existent 存在物12.2.3existential 存在句4.4.2existential process 存在过程12.2.3existential quantifier 存在数量词5.5.2exocentric 外向的3.2.3exocentric construction 外向结构4.2.3；4.3.3experiential 经验的4.4.2experiential function 经验功能12.2.3experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学6 explanatory adequacy 解释充分性12.4.2explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法11.2 expression minimization 表达最底程度8.3.3 expressive 表达的1.5.4；4.4.2extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论12.4.5 extensive 引申的；扩展的12.2.3extent-condition format 程度条件格式8.3.1external evaluation 外部评估11.3.2；11.6external qualifier 外部修饰语5.5.2extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源11.6.3eye movement 眼部移动6.2.5Fface validity 卷面效度11.6.3facilitation 便利；促进11.5.4Fasold 7.1.2；7.2.2；7.2.4feasibility 可行性11.2.5feature 特征5.5.2feedback 反馈10.4.2felicity condition 适宜性条件；恰当条件8.1.1 feminine 阴性10.3.5fiction 小说9.4.4；9.5.1figurative language 比喻性语言；象征性语言9.2.2 figures of speech 修辞手段；修辞格9.4.4Fillmore, C.J. 12.5.1finite element 有定成分12.2.3finite 有定的；有限的4.4.2finite state grammar 有限状态语法12.4.3Firbas, J. 12.1.3first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者9.4.1Firth, J.R. 7.1.1；12.2Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学12.2.3Fishman 7.1.1flap 闪音2.4.3flexibility 灵活性；变通性11.6.4floppy disk 软盘10.1.2Flower 6.4.2focus 焦点；中心2.9.2Fodor 5.2.2folk etymology 俗词源学；民间词源3.3.3foregrounded features 突出特征9.4.4foregrounding 突出；前景话9.2.1；9.2.3foreign language teaching 外语教学11form 形式3.1.1；3.3.2；7.2.2；11；11.4.1；12.2.3formal difference 形式差异12.3.1formalization 形式化12.3.3；12.4.7formation 形成3.2formative 构形成分；构词成分3.2.1free form 自由形式3.1.2free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语9.4.2free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想9.4.2free morpheme 自由语素3.2.1；4.3.1free root morpheme 自由词根语素3.2.2free variant 自由变体2.8.3free verse 自由韵文9.3.4French 法语3.3；4.1.1；9.5.1；10.2.3frequency effect 频率效应6.2.1Freud 12fricative （摩）擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1friction 摩擦2.4.3front 舌面前；舌前的2.5.1fully automatic high quality translation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译10.2.1function word 功能词3.1.2function 功能1.5；4.1；4.4.2functional grammar 功能语法11.3.3；12.2.3functional linguistics 功能语言学11.2.4functional sentence perspective, FSP 功能句子观12.1.3functions of language 语言功能12.2.3fusion 溶合3.3.1fuzzy 模糊的10.3.5GGao 7.1.4Garrett 6.4.1；7.2.2；10.1.3gender difference 性别差异7.2.3gender 4.1.1；10.3.5；12.2.3general linguistics 普通语言学12.3.3generalisation 概括1.3.2；12.4.2generative grammar 生成语法12.4；12.4.6generative semantics 生成语言学12.5.1genitive 属格；所有格4.1.1genre 体裁；语类9.4.1；10.3.5German 德语3.1.2；10.2.3given (information) 已给信息4.4.2；9.4.1；12.1.3global task 整体任务11.6.4glottal 喉音2.4.4；2.4.5glottal stop 喉塞音2.2goal 目标12.2.3Gomulicki 6.3.2government theory 支配理论12.4.6government 支配4.1；4.1.3；4.3.3；8.2.3grammatical analysis 语法分析4.4.1grammatical function 2.12;4.2.3;4.6.2grammatical structure 语法结构11.2.2gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系5.3.2gradual opposition 渐次对立12.1.2grammar 语法3.1.1；3.2.4；11.4.1；12.2.3；12.3.3；12.4.2 grammatical category 语法范畴12.3.3grammatical concept 语法概念12.3.1grammatical description 语法描写12.4.3grammatical form 语法形式9.2.1grammatical marker 语法标记5.5.2grammatical meaning 语法意义3.1.2；3.2.4grammatical organization 语法组成9.4.4grammatical pattern 语法类型11.2.2grammatical process 语法过程12.3.1grammatical rule 语法规则8.3.3grammatical sentence pattern, GSP 语法句形12.1.3 grammatical structure 语法结构9.2.1；9.2.3；12.3.1 grammatical subject 语法主语4.4.2grammatical system 语法系统12.3.1grammatical word 语法词3.1.2；9.4.2graphitic form 文字形式2.3.2Greek 希腊语3.3.1；4；4.1.1；7.2.2；11.2.1Greenberg et al 7.1.2Gregersen 7.2.2Grice 8；8.2；8.2.2；8.3.1；9.5.1Gricean maxim Grice准则8.3.1；9.4.2group 词组12.2.3guttural 腭音2.10Hhalf-rhyme 半韵9.3.6Hall, R. 2.11；12.3.3Halle, Morris 12.5.1Halliday, M.A.K 4.4.2；7.1.1；10；11.2.4；11.3.3；12.2；12.2.3 hard palate 硬腭2.2；2.4.4Harris 7.2.1Hartley 1.8Hatzfeld, Helmet 9.1Hayes 6.4.2head 中心词；中心成分4.2.3headed construction 中心结构4.2.3heptameter 七音步诗行9.3.3hierarchical structure 等级结构4.2.2hierarchical system 等级系统12.4.3hierarchy 等级体系1.3.2；3.1.1；3.1.2；12.3.3Higgins 10.1.3high 高（元音）2.5.1Hill, A 12.3.3historical linguistics 历史语言学1.9.1；10.3.5Hockett, Charles 2.8.2；4.2.3；3；12.3.3Holmes 10.3.5holophrastic stage 单词句阶段12.4.1homonym 同音/形异议词12.2.1Hopi Hopi语7.1.1；7.1.2horizontal relation 链状关系4.2.1Horn scale 霍恩阶8.3.3Horn, Lawrence 8.3.2Householder 8.3.2Hu 11.2Huang, Yan 8.3.3human cognitive system 人类认知系统12.4.2human language 人类语言1.3；12.4.1human speech 人类言语6.4.1human translation 人译10.2；10.2.6Humboldt, Wilhelm 7.1.1Hutchins 10.1.3Hymes, D. H. 1.9.3；7.1.1；11.2.5；11.3.3 hypercorrection 矫枉过正11.5.4hyponym 下义词5.3.2；5.4hyponymy 下义关系5.3.3hypothesis 假设11.2.3hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎12.4.2Iiamb 抑扬格9.3.3iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行9.3.3IC analysis 直接成分分析法4.2.2；12.4.2ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习10.1.2 ideational (function) 概念功能1.4；4.4.2；12.2.3 identifying 认同的12.2.3idiom 成语；习语2.1.3；10.3.5idiomatically-governed 习语支配的7.1.3ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子12.4.4illocutionary act 话中行为；施为性行为8.1.2 illocutionary force 言外作用；施为作用8.1.2 imaginative (function) 想象功能1.4；12.2.3immediacy assumption 即时假定6.2.5immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法4.2.2；4.3.1 imperative rule 祈使规则12.4.4imperative 祈使语气；命令的4.4.2implicate 意含8.2.2；8.2.3implication 蕴涵；含义5.5.2；8.2.1；8.2.3；8.3.2 implication connective 蕴涵连接5.5.2implicature 含义；言外之意7.1.3；8.2implied meaning 蕴涵意义8.2.1implosive 内破裂音；内爆音2.2inanimate 无生命的4.2.1inclusiveness relation 内包意义5.3indefinite 不定的，无定的3.1.2indicative 陈述式；陈述语气4.4.2indirect object 间接宾语6.2.4；12.1indirct speech, IS 间接言语9.4.2indirect thought, IT 间接思想9.4.2Indo-European languages 印欧语言1.9.3；3.1.2；12.3.1 inference 推论；推理5.5.2；6.3.1；8.3.1；9.4.4 inference drawing 推论6.3.1inferential communication 推论交际8.3.1infinitive不定式3.1.2；4.1.2infix 中缀3.2.1inflection 屈折（变化）3.1.2；3.2.3inflectional affix 屈折词缀3.2.1inflectional morphology 屈折形态学3.2.3inflective endings 屈折结尾3.1.2information retrieval 信息检索1.8.4；10.4information structure 信息结构10.4.3informative (function) 信息功能1.5.1；12.2.3innateness 先天性12.4.7innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设12.4.1input 输入10.4.2；11.4.2；12.4.1input hypothesis 语言输入说11.4.2instrumental (function) 工具功能1.4；12.2.3integrative test 综合性测试11.6.4intensifier 强调成分7.2.2intensive 强调的；增强的12.2.3interactional (function) 交互功能1.4；12.2.3interdental 齿间音2.4.4interface 界面1.8.4interference 干扰11.5.4interjection 感叹词1.4；3.1.3；9.5.1interlanguage 中介语11.4.3；11.5.2interlingua 国际语10.2.2interlingual approach 语际法10.2.2interlocutor 会话者8.1.2internal evaluation 内部评估11.3.2；11.6.2internal structure 内部结构4.2.2international phonetic alphabet, IPA 国际音标2.10；2.3.2；2.3.2 internet 互联网10.2.4interpersonal 人际的1.4；4.4.2interpersonal function 人际功能1.5；1.5.2；12.2.3 interpretation 解释12.4.7interrogative sentence 疑问句4.4.2；4.3.1；7.2.2intonation 语调2.11intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系5.3intransitive 不及物的4.3.2intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源11.6.3invariable word 不变词3.1.2invention 新创词语3.3.1inversion 倒置，倒装3.1.2IPA chart 国际音标图2.4.4；2.5.2IPS symbol 国际音标符号2.8.3irony 讽刺；反话9.4.2isolated opposition 孤立对立12.1.2Italian 意大利语3.3.1JJakobson, Roman 1.4；4.4.2Japanese 日语3.3.1；3.3.1；10.2.3jargon 黑话；行语1.1Jesperson, Otto 2.3.2；7.2.2Johnson & Johnson 10Johnson 6.4Jones, Daniel 2.3.2；2.5.2；2.8.2；7.1.3KKatz, John 4.3.2；5.5.2Kaufer 6.4.2Kay, Paul 7.1.2；10.2.3Kennedy and Graeme 10.3Kenyon, J.S. 2.5.3kernel sentence 核心句12.4.3keyword关键词10.4.3Kintsch 6.3.2Kjelmer 10.3.5Knott,T.A. 2.5.3knowledge 知识6.4.2；10.2.2known information 已知信息12.1.3Krashen 11.4.2Kruszewski, Mikolaj 2.8.2Kuno, Susumo 4.3.3Llabel 标示；标记4.2.2labial 唇音2.10labiodental 唇齿音2.4.4；2.4.5Labov, William 7.2.2Ladefoged 2.5.3Lado 11.6.3Lakoff 7.2.2；12.5.1Lakoff & Johnson 7.1.3Lancaster 10.4language 语言1；6；7.1；7.2；10；12.3.1 language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制12.4.1 language attitude 语言态度7.2.3language choice 语言选择7.2.3language comprehension 语言理解6.2；3.1；6.4language data 语言素材10language learning 语言学习1.2；11；11.4；7.2.4language maintenance 语言维护7.2.3language processing 语言处理6.3.1；6.4language structure 语言结构12.4.7language system 语言系统2.1；12.4.1language teaching 语言教学7.1.4；7.2.4；11；12.2.3；12.3.2 language universal 语言普遍性12.4.1language use 语言使用7.1.1；7.2.2langue 语言（系统）1.9.3；8.3.2Larsen-Freeman 11.2larynx 喉头2.2lateral 边音；旁流音2.4.3；2.4.5Latin 拉丁语3.1.2；3.3.1；3.3.2；4.1.1；4.2.3；11.2.1 Latin grammar 拉丁语法1.9.1；4.1.2；11.2.1lax vowel 松元音2.5.3Leech, G. 5；10.3.2；10.3.4length 长度；音长2.1.2；2.5.1；2.5.4；12.2.2Lepschy, G. C. 12.3.3letter 字母2.3.1level 层，级，平面1.3.2Levinson, Stephen 8.3.3lexeme 词位；词素3.1.1lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义6.2.2lexical change 词汇变化（3.3）lexical level 词汇层12.2.2lexical meaning 词汇意义3.1.2；3.2.4lexical morphology 词汇形态学3.2.3lexical studies 词汇研究10.3.5lexical word 词汇词3.1.2lexicogrammar 词汇语法3.1.1；1.1；12.2.3lexicon 词汇；词典3.2.3；4.3.2；4.3.3；12.4.5；12.5.1 lexis 词9.2.3；9.4.4liaison 连音；连续3.1.4limerick 打油诗9.3.4line 诗行9.3.6linear phonology 线性音系学2.11linear structure 线形结构4.2.2linguistic university 语言普遍性7.1.2linguistic behaviour 语言行为12.2.3linguistic behaviour potential 语言行为潜势12.2.3linguistic competence 语言能力11.2.3；11.6.3；12.4.1；12.4.2 linguistic context 语言语境；上下文12.2.2linguistic data 语言素材10.3.1；12.4.2linguistic description 语言描写12.3.2；12.4.3linguistic determinism 语言决定论7.1.1linguistic facts 语言事实12.4.3linguistic relativity 语言相对性7.1.1linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视7.2.2linguistic structure 语言结构12.2.3；12.3.1linguistic theory 语言理论11.7linguistic unit 语言单位12.2.3linguistic universal 语言普遍性10.2.2；12.4.1；12.4.7 linguistic variation 语言变异7.2.2；7.2.3linguistics 语言学1；4；11；12.3.1；12.4.3lip rounding 圆唇化2.5.1；2.5.2literal language 本义语言9.2.2；9.2.3literary stylistics 文学文体学9loan translation 翻译借词3.3loanblend 混合借词3.3.1loanshift 转移借词3.3.1loanword 借词3.3.1local area networks, LAN 局域网10.1.3locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为8.1.2logical component 逻辑成分12.4.5logical connective 逻辑连词5.5.2logical form component 逻辑式成分4.3.3logical form representation 逻辑式表达12.4.5logical formula 逻辑公式5.5.2logical function 逻辑功能12.2.3logical semantics 逻辑语义学5.5.2logical structure 逻辑结构5.5.2logical subject 逻辑主语4.4.2logophoricity 词照应4.3.3London School 伦敦学派12.2；12.2.3Long & Robinson 11.4.1long vowed 长元音2.11.1；3.2.4；3.3.2loss of sound 语音脱落3.3.2loudness 响度2.12low 底；下2.5.1Luhn 10.4.3Luo Changpei 12.2.3Lyons, John 1.6；5.5.2Mmachine translation 机器翻译1.8.4；10.2；12.2.3macrolinguistics 宏观语言学1.8macroproposition 宏观命题6.3.2macrostructure 宏观结构6.3.2main clause 主句12.2.3Malinowski, Bronislaw 1.5.5；4.4.2；7.1.1；12.2.2man-machine symbiosis 人机共生10.2.1manner maxim 方式准则8.2.1manner of articulation 发音方式2.4.3；2.4.5marked 标记的5.3.2；8.3.2；8.3.3；10.3.5masculine 阳性10.3.5matalinguistic 元语言学的4.4.2material (process) 物质过程4.4.2；12.2.3mathematical principles 数学原理12.4.3Mathesius, V. 12.1.1maxim 准则8.2.2maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则2.11.3McArthur, Tom 10.3.1McCawley, J. 8.3.2；12.5.1meaning potential 意义潜势7.1.1；11.3.3；12.2.3meaning shift 转移3.3.3meaning 意义1.3.2；1.7.5；5.0；5.1；8；12.2.3；12.2.3；12.3.1；12.3.3；12.4.3mental (processs) 思维过程；心理过程4.4.2；12.2.3 mentalism 心灵主义12.4.7message 信息1.4；9.4.1Mesthrie 7.2.2metafunction 元功能11.2.4；12.2.3；5.4 metalinguistic 元语言的1.4；8.3.2metaphor 隐喻7.1.3；9.2.2metathesis 换位（作用）3.3.2metonymy 换喻；转喻9.2.2metre 韵律9.3metrical patterning 韵律格式9.3.3 microcomputer 微机10microprocessor 微处理器10mid 中（元音）2.5.1；2.5.1Milic, Louis 9.1Milroy 7.2.2mind 思维6minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论6.2.3 minimal pair 最小对立体2.8.1；2.8.2minimalist program 12.4.6minimum free form 最小自由形式3.1.2；12.2.3 mirror maxim 镜像准则8.3.3mistake 错误11.5.1modal subject 语气主语4.4.2modal verb 情态动词12.2.3modality 情态12.2.3modern French 现代法语9.5.1modification 修饰4.3.2；6.4；10.3.2；12.5.1 modifier 修饰语4.2.3monomorphemic 单语素的3.2.1monophonemic 单音位的3.2.4monophthong 单元音2.5.2monosyllabic 单音节的2.12；2.11.1；3.2.4 Motague grammar 蒙太古语法5.5.2mood 语气4.4.2；8.1.1；12.2.3morph 形素；词素形式12.3.3morpheme 语素；词素；形素1.3.1；3.1.1；3.2.1；3.2.4；4；4.3.1；12.4.3morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误6.4.1morphemic shape 词素形状3.2.4morphemic structure 词素结构3.2.4morphemic transcription 词素标音3.2.4morphological change 形态变化3.3.3morphological rule 形态规则3.2.1morphology 形态学1.7.3；3.2.1；3.2.3；3.2.4morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分4.3.1 morphophonemics 形态音位学3.2.4morphophonology 形态音系学3.2.4morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化3.3.3mother tongue 母语；本族语7.1.2；11.2.3；11.5.2；11.5.4；12.4.1 motivation 动因；动机1.2；7.1.4move （移动）4.3.3M-principle M原理8.3.3MT 机器翻译10.2MT quality 机译质量10.2.3multilateral opposition 多边对立12.1.2multi-level phonology 多层次音系学2.11multilingualism 多语制；多语现象7.2.3Nnarratee 被叙述者9.4.1narrator 叙述者9.4.1narrator’s representation of speech acts, NRS A 言语行为的叙述者表达9.4.2narrator’s representation of speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达9.4.2 narrator’s representation of thought acts, NRTA思维行为的叙述者表达9.4.2narrator’s representation of thought, NRT思维的叙述者表达9.4.2 narrow transcription 窄式音标2.6.2；2.8.3narrowing 狭窄化3.3.3nasal 鼻音2.11.1；2.4.5nasal cavity 鼻腔2.2；2.4.3nasal sound 鼻音2.2；3.2.4nasal stop 鼻塞音2.4.3nasal tract 鼻道2.6nasality 鼻音性2.6nasalization 鼻音化2.9.1；2.9.2Nash, Walter 9.5.3native speaker 操本族语者11.5.2natural language 自然语言5.5.2naturalistic data 自然语料10.3.5near-adult grammar 近成人语法12.4.1negation 否定；否定结构3.1.2；5.5.2；8.3.2；12.4.3 negative 否定的3.1.2；4.3.1negative interference 负面干扰11.5.4negative marker 否定标记3.1.3negative transfer 负转移11.5.4neogrammarian 新语法学家12network 网络4.4.2network computer 网络计算机10.2.4neutralizable opposition 可中立对立12.1.2new information 新信息9.4.1new stylistics 新文体学9.1Nida, Eugene 1.5.4；7.1.1；7.1.3；7.1.4node 节4.3.3nominal group 名词词组3.1.2nominalization 名词化4.3.1nominative 主格4.1.1non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入11.4.2non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析11.5.4non-conventionality 非规约性8.2.3non-detachability非可分离性8.2.3non-linear phonology 非线性音系学2.11non-linguistic entity 非语言实体5.3non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音2.2non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇11.4.2non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词8.3.3nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段12.4.1nonverbal cues 非言语提示1.2norm 规范5.3.2notation system 标写系统2.3.2；2.5.3notion 意念11.3.3notional-functional syllabus 意念功能教学大纲11.3.3noun phrase 名词短语4.2.3；4.3.1；6.2.3noun 名词2.11；3.1.2；4.1；4.1.1；4.1.3；4.2.1；12.4.4；12.4.5 number system 数字系统12.2.3number 数字4.1.1；11.4.3；12.4.3OO’Barr & Atkins 7.2.4object 宾语4.1.3；4.2.1object-deletion 宾语省略4.3.1objective case 宾格3.3.3objectivity 客观性11.6.3；12.3.3obligatory 强制性12.3.3；12.4.3observational adequacy 观察充分性12.4.2abstruction 阻塞2.4.1；2.5.1OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪10.2.1octametre 八音步诗行9.3.3Ogden 5.1Ohmann 11.2.3Old English 古英语2.3.1；3.3.2one-place predicate 一位谓语5.5.2on-line translation 在线翻译10.2.4onomatopoeia 拟声词1.3.1；9.3.5onset 节首辅音2.11open class 开放类3.1.2open syllable 开音节2.11.10operational system 操作系统10.4.2operative 可操作性12.2.3operator 操作词4.4.2oppositeness relation 对立关系5.3opposition 对立12.1.2optimal relevance 最适宜关联8.3.1option 选择12.2.3optional 可选择的12.3.3；12.4.3oral cavity 口腔2.2；2.4.1；2.4.3oral stop 口阻塞音2.4.3ordinal numeral 序数词3.1.2origin of language 语言起源1.4orthography 正字法2.3.1ostensive communication 直示交际8.3.1output 产出10.4.2；12.4.1overgeneralization 过分法则化3.3.1；11.5.4Ppalatal 腭音；舌面中音2.4.4；2.4.5palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音2.4.4palatalization （硬）腭化2.8.3Palmer 7.1.1paradigm 聚合体3.1.2；3.2.3paradigmatic relation 聚合关系4.2.1；4.3.2；4.4.2；12.1.2；12.2.2；12.2.3paraphrase 释义；意译5.5.2；9.3.2；9.5.3parole 言语1.9.3；8.3.2part of speech 词类3.1.2；4.1；10.3.4participant 参与者11.3.2；12.2.3particle 小品词；语助词3.1.2；12.4.3particular grammar 特定语的语法12.4..2partitive 部分的；部分格3.1.2passive transformation 被动转换4.3.1；4.3.2；12.4.3passive (voice) 被动语态4.3.1；4.3.2；12.4.3；12.4.4pattern drill technique 句型操练法11.2.2pattern 模式9.4.4patterning 制定模式2.7pause 停顿3.1.1；3.1.2；6.4.1peak （节）峰2.11.1perceptual span 感知时距6.2.5perfectionism 完善主义10.2.1。