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Thoroughly Explore the Problem
Understand the context for problem solving Consider process discovery Understand the customer – “What am I providing my customer?” – “What will satisfy my customer?” Understand the process – “What am I doing?” – “How am I doing it?” “Jump-Up” and ask “Why am I doing this?”
FORMULATE PROBLEM
3. ANALYZE CAUSES
IMPLEMENT
LEVEL OF EXPERIENCE
DATA I
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DATA II
DATA III
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PDCA and the 7 Steps
PDCA PLAN
DO CHECK
ACT
(provides repetition)
7 Steps 1. Select a theme 2. Collect data 3. Analyze causes 4. Plan and implement solution 5. Evaluate effects
Flowchart
Checksheet, graph, histogram, scatter diagram, Pareto diagram, cause-and effect diagra- m run chart/control chart
Flowchart
(provides tools)
© Copyright Center for Quality Management 1994
Current Target
Weakness
Customer need
Weakness
Actual performance
Focus on facts, processes, and root causes
© Copyright Center for Quality Management 1994
Step 1: Theme Selection
Focus on weakness Thoroughly explore the problem Carefully select the theme Clearly state the theme
© Copyright Center for Quality Management 1994
the "ins" innovation insight invention inspiration intuition instinct
gut feel
prayer clairvoyance
"other world"
inner self
PROBLEM
others
real world
systematic
7-tinuous Improvement
© Copyright Center for Quality Management 1994
Seven Steps - Page 1 Reactive Improvement - V2.0
Options to Problem Solving
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CHECKSHEET
A xxx B xxxxxxxxxx C xx D xxxxx E xxxxxxxx
PARETO DIAGRAM
CONTROL CHART
The Basic Tools
CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAM ISHIKAWA
LEVEL OF THOUGHT
SENSE A PROBLEM
7. REFLECT ON PROCESS
1. SELECT THEME
6. STANDARDIZE
4. PLAN SOLUTION AND ...
EXPLORE ESSENTIALS
2. COLLECT DATA
5. EVALUATE EFFECTS
PDCA 7 Steps Shiba WV
© Copyright Center for Quality Management 1994
random trial-and-error guess accident chance luck
copy imitation theft consultation
delegation negotiation just waiting deceiving hiding lying passing-the-buck confusing finger pointing transferring
FLOWCHART
GRAPH
HISTOGRAM
SCATTER DIAGRAM
© Copyright Center for Quality Management 1994
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Step 1: Theme Selection
6. Standardize 7. Reflect on process
(provides process)
7 QC Tools
Checksheet, graph, histogram, scatter
diagram, Pareto diagram, cause-and effect diagram, flowchart
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Focus on Weakness
Weakness is difference between current situation and target
Weakness orientation focuses on eliminating weakness as basis of improvement (closing the gap)