2019年暨南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. 词语翻译（30%）
Section A. 英译汉（15%）
1. USTR
【答案】美国贸易代表署
2. ASEAN
【答案】东盟
3. TCM
【答案】中医药
4. sole agency
【答案】独家代理
5. blue-chip stocks
【答案】蓝筹股
6. right of appeal
【答案】上诉权
7. chief referee
【答案】首席裁判
8. The Grapes of Wrath 【答案】愤怒的葡萄
9. gene mutation
【答案】基因突变
10. punitive duties
【答案】惩罚性关税
11. dialectical materialism 【答案】辩证唯物主义
12. tittytainment
【答案】奶头乐理论
13. wealth gap
【答案】财富差距
14. patriarchal society
【答案】宗法社会
15. cultural turn
【答案】文化转向
Section B. 汉译英（15%）
1. 人工智能
【答案】artificial intelligence
2. 精准扶贫
【答案】targeted poverty alleviation
3. 供给侧改革
【答案】supply-side reform
4. 拦路虎
【答案】road blocker
5. 抖音
【答案】Tik Tok
6. 实名认证
【答案】real name authentication
7. 不可抗力
【答案】force majeure
8. 反倾销
【答案】anti-dumping
9. 扫脸支付
【答案】face scan payment
10. 零和思维
【答案】zero-sum mentality
11. 进博会
【答案】China International Import Expo
12. 文化自信
【答案】cultural confidence
13. 去库存
【答案】stockpile removal
14. 衣食住行
【答案】food, cloth, housing, and transportation
15. 《反分裂国家法》
【答案】Anti-Secession Law
Ⅱ. 英汉互译（120%）
Section A. 英译汉（60%）
It is extremely rare for Britain to take a foreign-policy stance at odds with that of its closest and most important ally, America. It is perhaps unprecedented for it to do so by siding, in a contentious issue of global financial governance, with the superpower’s emerging rival, China. Yet that, in effect, is how America seems to interpret Britain’s plans, announced on March 12th, to join China’s new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as a founding shareholder. China, naturally, is chuffed. Most other observers are confused.
The AIIB is one of a number of new institutions launched by China, apparently in frustration at the failure of the existing international financial order to adapt quickly enough to accommodate its astonishing rise. Efforts to reform the International Monetary Fund are stalled in the United States Congress. America retains its tradition grip in the management of the World Bank. The Asian
Development Bank remains based in Manila, but it is mostly run by Japanese bureaucrats.
So, it is perhaps understandable that China, flush with the world’s biggest foreign-exchange reserves and anxious to convert them into “soft power”, is building an alternative system. Its plans do not just include the AIIB, but also a New De velopment Bank launched with its “BRICS” partners—Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa—and a Silk Road development fund to boost “connectivity” with its neighbors. And, in the security sphere, there is the Shanghai Co-operation Organization that links it with Russia and Central Asia.
America, however, has reacted negatively to the AIIB. Its officials argue that they have not “lobbied against” it. Instead they merely stressed how important it is that such an institution abide by international standards—of transparency, creditworthiness, environmental sustainability, and so on. But officials in Singapore, for example, a close partner to both America and China, say they had some difficult discussions with America when they decided to support China’s initiativ e.
【参考译文】
英国在外交政策上采取与其最亲近、最重要的盟友美国不同的立场，这是十分罕见的。

在颇具争议的全球金融治理问题上，英国站在了美国这个超级大国日益崛起的对手中国一边，看来这是前所未有的。

事实上，这似乎正是美国对于英国3月12日所公布计划作出的解读。

英国的计划是：作为创始股东加入亚洲基础设施投资银行（亚投行）。

中国对此自然感到开心，但多数观察家则感到一头雾水。

亚投行是中国推出的众多新机构之一。

明显，这是由于中国对现有国际金融秩序未能迅。