2013年华东师范大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解一、将下列短语译成英语1.文化体制改革【答案】reform of cultural administrative system2.民族凝聚力【答案】enhance national cohesiveness3.“文化兴国”战略【答案】strategy of invigorating the country through culture4.做大做强新闻传媒产业【答案】to make the news media industry grow strong and fast5.加强诚信建设【答案】strengthen the development of a credibility system6.社会事业【答案】social undertakings7.发挥各地特色和优势【答案】make full use of local features and advantages8.扎实推进教育公平【答案】to promote educational fairness soundly9.外资企业法【答案】Law on Foreign-funded Enterprises10.高等教育法【答案】Higher Education Law11.商标法【答案】Trademark Act12.一次性生活补贴【答案】one-time living allowance13.聘任【答案】recruit sb.through invitation14.基层锻炼【答案】exercise at a grassroots unit15.计算机软件保护条例【答案】Regulations for the Protection of Computer Software二、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE1Rights of the Copyright OwnerRights of reproduction,distribution,anal display.The author of a work possesses,at the beginning,a bundle of rights that collectively make up copyright. They belong originally to the author,who can sell,rent,give away,will,or transfer them in some other way,individually or as a package,to whomever the author wishes.When a work is to be published,the author normally-transfers some or all of these rights to the publisher,by formal agreement.Two of these rights are basic from the publisher's point of View:the right to make copies of the work (traditionally by printing and now often by digital reproduction)and the right to distribute such copies to the public-in sum,to publish the work.In the case of online publishing,reproduction and distribution blend into the act of transmitting the work on demand to the reader's computer.A"third right-the right of public display-applies to online exploitation of works.A work is publicly displayed when made viewable online;if the user downloads or prints out the material concerned a distribution of a copy also occurs.【参考译文】复制权、发行权和展览权。
起初，作者拥有的一系列权利构成了著作权。
它们本来属于某些作者，而这些作者能够通过其他方式或个人渠道来销售，出租，放弃或转让作品给其他有需要的作者。
每当一部作品要出版的时候，作者通常会同意把这些权利部分或全部转让给出版商。
其中在出版商看来最基本的两个权利就是复制权（传统意义上都是纸质印刷品，现在通常是电子复制品）和发行权。
总之，所做的都是为了作品的发表。
通过网络出版作品的情况下，复制权和发行权都会夹杂着电脑前读者的需求而传播作品的行为。
第三项权利——展览权——适用于作品的网络开发。
如果一部作品可以在线观看，就是使用了公开展览权；如果通过用户下载或打印出来的作品，就属于作品的发行权。
PASSAGE2Derivative work and performance rights.A fourth and very"important right is.the right to make what the law terms derivative works-that is,works based on or derived from the original work,such as translations,abridgments,dramatizations, or other adaptations.A revised edition of a published work is generally noticeably different enough from the prior edition to qualify as a derivative work with a separate copyright.The fifth basic copyright right,the right of public performance, has only limited relevance for literary works as such;it applies,for example,when a poet gives a public reading of a poem.However,it has great significance for other works,such as motion pictures,that may spring from literary works.【参考译文】作品衍生权和表演权。
第四项非常重要的权利就是法律条款衍生作品的权利——也就是在原作品的基础上衍生而来，或通过翻译，删节，戏剧化或者改编原作品而来。
已发表作品的修订版一般来说是和以前的版本有明显不同的，而且有资格作为一个独立版权的衍生作品。
第五个基本的著作权——公开表演权——只有文学作品有这样的有限相关性。
比如说，当一个诗人在公众场合阅读一首诗的时候便可以享有这个权利。
然而，对于其他像来自文学作品的动画电影作品而言，这项权利就有着重大的意义。
三、将下列短文译成英语40年前，联合国在这里召开了首次人类环境会议，发表了具有划时代意义的历史性文献《人类环境宣言》，形成了人类环境行动计划，提出了一个响遍世界的口号：只有一个地球!那次会议标志着人类对环境问题的普遍觉醒，开启了可持续发展的新纪元。
中国的环保和可持续发展事业也从此摆上ZF的重要日程。
今天，我们隆重纪念这一历史盛会，重温宣言的经典篇章，更加赞叹前人的远见卓识，更能领悟当代人的重大责任。
中国是可持续发展的坚定支持者和实践者。
在中国的传统价值观中，蕴含着可持续发展精神。
两千多年前，中国古代哲学家就提出“天人合一”、“道法自然”的思想，倡导人与自然和谐相处，这是可持续发展追求的最高境界。
40年来，中国参加了可持续发展理念形成和发展中具有里程碑意义的历次国际大会，我们把节约资源、保护环境确立为基本国策，把可持续发展战略上升为国家战略。
进入新世纪，我们将科学发展观确立为经济社会发展的重要指导方针，其基本要求是坚持以人为本、实现全面协调可持续发展。
中国人讲求言必信、行必果。
40年来，我们用可持续发展的丰富实践，忠实地履行对国内人民和国际社会的承诺。
我们实行最严格的耕地和水资源管理制度，用占世界不足10%的耕地和人均仅有世界水平28%的水资源，养活了占世界1/5的人口。
我们几十年如一日坚持植树造林，建成的人工林已达62万平方公里。
（选自《温家宝谈可持续发展》）【参考译文】Four decades ago here,the United Nations held the first conference on the human environment.It adopted an epoch-making document,the Declaration on the Human Environment and the Action Plan for the Human Environment,and made a resounding appeal—“Only One Earth”.That conference awakened mankind to the environmental issue and ushered in a new era of sustainable development.Since then,environmental protection and sustainable development have become a high priority on the agenda of the Chinese government.Today,as we commemorate that historic conference and as the call of the Declaration comes to mind again,we cannot but all the more marvel at the vision of our predecessors and be more keenly aware of the major responsibilities that we,the present generation,have on our shoulders.China is committed to pursuing sustainable development.As a matter of fact, sustainable development is embodied in China’s traditional values.Over2,000 years ago,Chinese philosophers called for maintaining“unity between heaven and man”and following“the law of nature”so as to achieve harmony between man and nature.As we see it,this is the ultimate goal for us in pursuing sustainable development.Over the past40years,China has attended all the international conferences which were crucial in shaping and enriching the concept of sustainable development.China takes resources conservation and environmental protection as a state policy and pursues sustainable development as a national strategy.Entering the21st century,China is pursuing economic and social development under the guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development,a fundamental principle which。